Left Ventricular T1 Mapping during Chemotherapy-Radiation Therapy: Serial Assessment of Participants with Esophageal Cancer.

Purpose To assess changes in left ventricular function and tissue composition by using MRI after chemotherapy-radiation therapy in participants with esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods Between January 2013 and April 2015, this prospective study enrolled 24 participants (42% women; mean age, 63 years; range, 49-73 years) scheduled for chemotherapy-radiation therapy. 3.0-T MRI examinations were performed before, at 0.5 year, and at 1.5 years after chemotherapy-radiation therapy. Myocardial native T1, postcontrast T1, and extracellular volume were measured in basal septum (as irradiated areas) and apical lateral wall (as nonirradiated areas). Left ventricular function, prevalence of late gadolinium enhancement, and T1 and extracellular volume values were compared over the follow-up period by using Friedman or Cochran Q tests, followed by Dunn test. Results In 14 participants who were followed up for 1.5 years, native T1 and extracellular volume in the septum were elevated at 0.5 year compared with baseline (1183 msec ± 46 [standard deviation] vs 1257 msec ± 35; 26% ± 3 vs 32% ± 3; adjusted P < .01 for both), but not in the lateral wall. Left ventricular stroke volume index and late gadolinium enhancement changed at 1.5 years compared with baseline (41 mL/m2 ± 11 vs 36 mL/m2 ± 9; P = .046; 7% [one of 14] vs 78% [11 of 14]; P < .01). Other measures of left ventricular function did not change during the follow-up period (P > .10 for all). Conclusion Native T1 and extracellular volume could detect early changes in myocardium at 0.5 year after chemotherapy-radiation therapy, whereas left ventricular stroke volume index and late gadolinium enhancement showed abnormality at 1.5 years. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.