Anjali D Amarapurkar1, Deepak N Amarapurkar2, Pravin Rathi3, Prabha Sawant4, Nikhil Patel5, Praful Kamani6, Krishnakant Rawal7, Rajiv Baijal8, Ameya Sonawane2, Nitin Narawane9, Samrat Kolekar10, Naveen Totla8. 1. Department of Pathology, Topiwala National Medical College and B Y L Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, 400 008, India. anjali1963@gmail.com. 2. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bombay Hospital, New Marine Lines, Mumbai, 400 020, India. 3. Department of Gastroenterology, Topiwala National Medical College and B Y L Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, 400 008, India. 4. Department of Gastroenterology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and Sion Hospital, Mumbai, 400 022, India. 5. Department of Gastroenterology, Jeevandeep Hospital, Anand, 388 001, India. 6. Department of Gastroenterology, Wockhardt Hospital, Rajkot, 360 007, India. 7. Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Milestone Hospital, Rajkot, 360 002, India. 8. Department of Gastroenterology, Jagjivan Ram Western Railway Hospital, Mumbai, 400 008, India. 9. Lake City Endoscopy Centre, Thane, 400 602, India. 10. Department of Pathology, Topiwala National Medical College and B Y L Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, 400 008, India.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Environmental risk factors have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). With rising incidence, it is important to know risk factors associated with IBD in our population. This study was aimed to evaluate risk factors for IBD from western India. METHODS: This was prospective, multi-center case-control study which included 1054 patients with IBD of which 765 (72.5%) were ulcerative colitis (UC) and 289 (27.4%) Crohn's disease (CD). Asymptomatic individuals without a history of any major illness served as controls. The questionnaire containing risk factors for IBD was given to patients and control group. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated for each variable. RESULT: Significant numbers of patients with CD were from rural area. Rural environment (OR 1.071, 0.82-1.38 and OR 1.441, 1.02-2.02), higher education (OR 1.830, 1.52-2.19 and OR 1.519, 1.16-1.97), professional by occupation (OR 1.754, 1.46-2.09 and OR 1.293, 0.99-1.67), annual family income >100,000 Indian national rupees (OR 2.185, 1.52-3.13 and OR 4.648, 3.10-6.95), history of appendectomy (OR 3.158, 1.71-5.80 and OR 3.158, 1.71-5.80), and family history of IBD (OR 4.510, 2.19-9.25 and OR 3.972, 1.58-9.96) were the risk factors for UC and CD, respectively. Vegetarian diet was protective factor for UC (OR 0.29, 0.27-0.39) and risk for CD (OR 1.179, 0.88-1.57). Smoking and chronic alcoholism were not found to be the risk factors. CONCLUSION: This study highlights association between socioeconomic, dietary factors, appendectomy, and family history as risk factors for IBD.
INTRODUCTION: Environmental risk factors have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). With rising incidence, it is important to know risk factors associated with IBD in our population. This study was aimed to evaluate risk factors for IBD from western India. METHODS: This was prospective, multi-center case-control study which included 1054 patients with IBD of which 765 (72.5%) were ulcerative colitis (UC) and 289 (27.4%) Crohn's disease (CD). Asymptomatic individuals without a history of any major illness served as controls. The questionnaire containing risk factors for IBD was given to patients and control group. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated for each variable. RESULT: Significant numbers of patients with CD were from rural area. Rural environment (OR 1.071, 0.82-1.38 and OR 1.441, 1.02-2.02), higher education (OR 1.830, 1.52-2.19 and OR 1.519, 1.16-1.97), professional by occupation (OR 1.754, 1.46-2.09 and OR 1.293, 0.99-1.67), annual family income >100,000 Indian national rupees (OR 2.185, 1.52-3.13 and OR 4.648, 3.10-6.95), history of appendectomy (OR 3.158, 1.71-5.80 and OR 3.158, 1.71-5.80), and family history of IBD (OR 4.510, 2.19-9.25 and OR 3.972, 1.58-9.96) were the risk factors for UC and CD, respectively. Vegetarian diet was protective factor for UC (OR 0.29, 0.27-0.39) and risk for CD (OR 1.179, 0.88-1.57). Smoking and chronic alcoholism were not found to be the risk factors. CONCLUSION: This study highlights association between socioeconomic, dietary factors, appendectomy, and family history as risk factors for IBD.
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