Jonathan H Pelletier1, Karan R Kumar1, Rachel Engen2, Adam Bensimhon1, Jennifer D Varner1, Michelle N Rheault3, Tarak Srivastava4, Caroline Straatmann5, Cynthia Silva6, T Keefe Davis7, Scott E Wenderfer8, Keisha Gibson9, David Selewski10, John Barcia11, Patricia Weng12, Christoph Licht13, Natasha Jawa13, Mahmoud Kallash14, John W Foreman1, Delbert R Wigfall1, Annabelle N Chua1, Eileen Chambers1, Christoph P Hornik1, Eileen D Brewer8, Shashi K Nagaraj1, Larry A Greenbaum15, Rasheed A Gbadegesin16. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Nephrology and Critical Care, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. 2. Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois and Children's Hospital Seattle, Washington, USA. 3. University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospitals, Minneapolis, MN, USA. 4. Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA. 5. Louisiana State University Children's Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. 6. Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA. 7. St. Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO, USA. 8. Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA. 9. North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. 10. C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 11. University of Virginia Children's Hospital, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. 12. Mattel Children's Hospital University of California, California, Los Angeles, USA. 13. The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. 14. Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA. 15. Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA. 16. Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Nephrology and Critical Care, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. rasheed.gbadegesin@duke.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease in children. Recurrence of primary disease following transplantation is a major cause of allograft loss. The clinical determinants of disease recurrence are not completely known. Our objectives were to determine risk factors for recurrence of FSGS/MCD following kidney transplantation and factors that predict response to immunosuppression following recurrence. METHODS: Multicenter study of pediatric patients with kidney transplants performed for ESKD due to SRNS between 1/2006 and 12/2015. Demographics, clinical course, and biopsy data were collected. Patients with primary-SRNS (PSRNS) were defined as those initially resistant to corticosteroid therapy at diagnosis, and patients with late-SRNS (LSRNS) as those initially responsive to steroids who subsequently developed steroid resistance. We performed logistic regression to determine risk factors associated with nephrotic syndrome (NS) recurrence. RESULTS: We analyzed 158 patients; 64 (41%) had recurrence of NS in their renal allograft. Disease recurrence occurred in 78% of patients with LSRNS compared to 39% of those with PSRNS. Patients with MCD on initial native kidney biopsy had a 76% recurrence rate compared with a 40% recurrence rate in those with FSGS. Multivariable analysis showed that MCD histology (OR; 95% CI 5.6; 1.3-23.7) compared to FSGS predicted disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with MCD and LSRNS are at higher risk of disease recurrence following kidney transplantation. These findings may be useful for designing studies to test strategies for preventing recurrence.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease in children. Recurrence of primary disease following transplantation is a major cause of allograft loss. The clinical determinants of disease recurrence are not completely known. Our objectives were to determine risk factors for recurrence of FSGS/MCD following kidney transplantation and factors that predict response to immunosuppression following recurrence. METHODS: Multicenter study of pediatric patients with kidney transplants performed for ESKD due to SRNS between 1/2006 and 12/2015. Demographics, clinical course, and biopsy data were collected. Patients with primary-SRNS (PSRNS) were defined as those initially resistant to corticosteroid therapy at diagnosis, and patients with late-SRNS (LSRNS) as those initially responsive to steroids who subsequently developed steroid resistance. We performed logistic regression to determine risk factors associated with nephrotic syndrome (NS) recurrence. RESULTS: We analyzed 158 patients; 64 (41%) had recurrence of NS in their renal allograft. Disease recurrence occurred in 78% of patients with LSRNS compared to 39% of those with PSRNS. Patients with MCD on initial native kidney biopsy had a 76% recurrence rate compared with a 40% recurrence rate in those with FSGS. Multivariable analysis showed that MCD histology (OR; 95% CI 5.6; 1.3-23.7) compared to FSGS predicted disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with MCD and LSRNS are at higher risk of disease recurrence following kidney transplantation. These findings may be useful for designing studies to test strategies for preventing recurrence.
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