Enrique Castro-Sánchez1, Michiyo Iwami1, Raheelah Ahmad1,2, Rifat Atun3, Alison H Holmes1. 1. NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection & Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, London, UK. 2. Health Group, Management Department, Imperial College Business School, London, UK. 3. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Global Health Systems Cluster, Boston, MA, USA.
Abstract
Background: National action plans determine country responses to anti-microbial resistance (AMR). These plans include interventions aimed at citizens. As the language used in documents could persuade certain behaviours, we sought to assess the positioning and implied responsibilities of citizens in current European AMR plans. This understanding could lead to improved policies and interventions. Methods: Review and comparison of national action plans for AMR (NAP-AMR) obtained from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (plans from 28 European Union and four European Economic Area/European Free Trade Association countries), supplemented by European experts (June-September 2016). To capture geographical diversity, 11 countries were purposively sampled for content and discourse analyses using frameworks of lay participation in healthcare organization, delivery and decision-making. Results: Countries were at different stages of NAP-AMR development (60% completed, 25% in-process, 9% no plan). The volume allocated to citizen roles in the plans ranged from 0.3 to 18%. The term 'citizen' was used by three countries, trailing behind 'patients' and 'public' (9/11), 'general population' (6/11) and 'consumers' (6/11). Increased citizen awareness about AMR was pursued by ∼2/3 plans. Supporting interventions included awareness campaigns (11/11), training/education (7/11) or materials during clinical encounters (4/11). Prevention of infection transmission or self-care behaviours were much less emphasized. Personal/individual and social/collective role perspectives seemed more frequently stimulated in Nordic countries. Conclusion: Citizen roles in AMR plans are not fully articulated. Documents could employ direct language to emphasise social or collective responsibilities in optimal antibiotic use.
Background: National action plans determine country responses to anti-microbial resistance (AMR). These plans include interventions aimed at citizens. As the language used in documents could persuade certain behaviours, we sought to assess the positioning and implied responsibilities of citizens in current European AMR plans. This understanding could lead to improved policies and interventions. Methods: Review and comparison of national action plans for AMR (NAP-AMR) obtained from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (plans from 28 European Union and four European Economic Area/European Free Trade Association countries), supplemented by European experts (June-September 2016). To capture geographical diversity, 11 countries were purposively sampled for content and discourse analyses using frameworks of lay participation in healthcare organization, delivery and decision-making. Results: Countries were at different stages of NAP-AMR development (60% completed, 25% in-process, 9% no plan). The volume allocated to citizen roles in the plans ranged from 0.3 to 18%. The term 'citizen' was used by three countries, trailing behind 'patients' and 'public' (9/11), 'general population' (6/11) and 'consumers' (6/11). Increased citizen awareness about AMR was pursued by ∼2/3 plans. Supporting interventions included awareness campaigns (11/11), training/education (7/11) or materials during clinical encounters (4/11). Prevention of infection transmission or self-care behaviours were much less emphasized. Personal/individual and social/collective role perspectives seemed more frequently stimulated in Nordic countries. Conclusion: Citizen roles in AMR plans are not fully articulated. Documents could employ direct language to emphasise social or collective responsibilities in optimal antibiotic use.
Authors: Maria Margarita M Lota; Alvin Qijia Chua; Karen Azupardo; Carlo Lumangaya; Katherine Ann V Reyes; Sharon Yvette Angelina M Villanueva; Helena Legido-Quigley; Evalyn A Roxas Journal: Antibiotics (Basel) Date: 2022-06-17
Authors: Gasto Frumence; Leonard E G Mboera; Calvin Sindato; Bugwesa Z Katale; Sharadhuli Kimera; Emmy Metta; Anna Durrance-Bagale; Anne-Sophie Jung; Stephen E Mshana; Taane G Clark; Mark Rweyemamu; Helena Legido-Quigley; Mecky I N Matee Journal: Antibiotics (Basel) Date: 2021-03-09