Meital Shlezinger1, Yona Amitai2, Amichay Akriv3, Hagit Gabay3, Michael Shechter4, Maya Leventer-Roberts5. 1. Health Management Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. Electronic address: mshlezinger@gmail.com. 2. Health Management Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. 3. Clalit Research Institute, Tel Aviv, Israel. 4. Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. 5. Clalit Research Institute, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Preventive Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Drinking water (DW) is an important dietary source of magnesium. Recently, Israel has increased its use of desalinated seawater (DSW) as DW country-wide. Its negligible magnesium content, however, raises concern that consumption of DSW may be associated with hypomagnesemia and increase the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and colorectal cancer (CRC). OBJECTIVES: We tested whether there was a change in incidence of negative health outcomes (IHD, DM, and CRC) following the introduction of DSW supply in a population-based ecologic study in Israel. METHODS: A historical prospective analysis was applied to members aged 25-76 during 2004-2013 of Clalit Health Services (Clalit), the largest healthcare provider in Israel, using its electronic medical record database. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, smoking status, and body mass index. RESULTS: An increased odds ratio was found for IHD (0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99 at baseline and 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.11 at the end of the follow-up period), but no time trend was observed. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the risk for IHD increased during the study period. The risks for DM and CRC were unchanged. Long term studies are needed for assessing the risk for CRC due to the long latency. The higher risk for IHD has practical public health implications and raise the need to add magnesium to DSW.
BACKGROUND:Drinking water (DW) is an important dietary source of magnesium. Recently, Israel has increased its use of desalinated seawater (DSW) as DW country-wide. Its negligible magnesium content, however, raises concern that consumption of DSW may be associated with hypomagnesemia and increase the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and colorectal cancer (CRC). OBJECTIVES: We tested whether there was a change in incidence of negative health outcomes (IHD, DM, and CRC) following the introduction of DSW supply in a population-based ecologic study in Israel. METHODS: A historical prospective analysis was applied to members aged 25-76 during 2004-2013 of Clalit Health Services (Clalit), the largest healthcare provider in Israel, using its electronic medical record database. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, smoking status, and body mass index. RESULTS: An increased odds ratio was found for IHD (0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99 at baseline and 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.11 at the end of the follow-up period), but no time trend was observed. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the risk for IHD increased during the study period. The risks for DM and CRC were unchanged. Long term studies are needed for assessing the risk for CRC due to the long latency. The higher risk for IHD has practical public health implications and raise the need to add magnesium to DSW.
Authors: Abu Mohd Naser; Mahbubur Rahman; Leanne Unicomb; Solaiman Doza; Mohammed Shahid Gazi; Gazi Raisul Alam; Mohammed Rabiul Karim; Mohammad Nasir Uddin; Golam Kibria Khan; Kazi Matin Ahmed; Mohammad Shamsudduha; Shuchi Anand; K M Venkat Narayan; Howard H Chang; Stephen P Luby; Matthew O Gribble; Thomas F Clasen Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2019-05-07 Impact factor: 5.501
Authors: Abu Mohd Naser; Mahbubur Rahman; Leanne Unicomb; Sarker Masud Parvez; Shariful Islam; Solaiman Doza; Golam Kibria Khan; Kazi Matin Ahmed; Shuchi Anand; Stephen P Luby; Mohammad Shamsudduha; Matthew O Gribble; K M Venkat Narayan; Thomas F Clasen Journal: NPJ Clean Water Date: 2020-04-24