Meloja Satkunam1,2, Laura N Anderson1,2, Sarah Carsley2,3, Jonathon L Maguire3,4,5,6, Patricia C Parkin3,5,6,7, Ann E Sprague8, Geoff D C Ball9, Catherine S Birken10,11,12,13. 1. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 2. Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 3. Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 4. The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 5. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 7. Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Room 109801, 10th Floor - Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. 8. Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 9. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Pediatrics, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 10. Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. catherine.birken@sickkids.ca. 11. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. catherine.birken@sickkids.ca. 12. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. catherine.birken@sickkids.ca. 13. Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Room 109801, 10th Floor - Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. catherine.birken@sickkids.ca.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: International data suggest the prevalence of severe obesity in young children may be increasing, yet no Canadian data are available. The objectives of this study were to examine definitions of severe obesity and to evaluate associated risk factors among young children in Ontario. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in children 17 to 24 months of age using two Ontario data sources: TARGet Kids! (n = 3713) and BORN Ontario (n = 768). Body mass index z score (zBMI) definitions were adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) (z score > 3) and the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (> 120% of the 95th percentile) and applied to define severe obesity in young children. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between demographic and pregnancy risk factors and zBMI categories. RESULTS: A total of 1.1% (95% CI, 0.8-1.4) of children met the adapted WHO definition of severe obesity compared to 0.3% (95% CI, 0.2-0.6) using the CDC definition. Median neighbourhood household income (OR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.69-0.93) and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (OR = 1.08, 95% CI, 1.01-1.15) were associated with severe obesity in unadjusted analyses. After adjustment for potential confounders, the OR for the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and severe obesity was 1.04 (95% CI, 0.94-1.15). CONCLUSION: More than 1% of Ontario children met the adapted WHO definition of severe obesity in very early childhood. Modifiable risk factors were identified. Future studies are needed to understand the terminology, prevalence, and risk factors for severe obesity in young children across Canada.
OBJECTIVES: International data suggest the prevalence of severe obesity in young children may be increasing, yet no Canadian data are available. The objectives of this study were to examine definitions of severe obesity and to evaluate associated risk factors among young children in Ontario. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in children 17 to 24 months of age using two Ontario data sources: TARGet Kids! (n = 3713) and BORN Ontario (n = 768). Body mass index z score (zBMI) definitions were adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) (z score > 3) and the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (> 120% of the 95th percentile) and applied to define severe obesity in young children. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between demographic and pregnancy risk factors and zBMI categories. RESULTS: A total of 1.1% (95% CI, 0.8-1.4) of children met the adapted WHO definition of severe obesity compared to 0.3% (95% CI, 0.2-0.6) using the CDC definition. Median neighbourhood household income (OR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.69-0.93) and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (OR = 1.08, 95% CI, 1.01-1.15) were associated with severe obesity in unadjusted analyses. After adjustment for potential confounders, the OR for the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and severe obesity was 1.04 (95% CI, 0.94-1.15). CONCLUSION: More than 1% of Ontario children met the adapted WHO definition of severe obesity in very early childhood. Modifiable risk factors were identified. Future studies are needed to understand the terminology, prevalence, and risk factors for severe obesity in young children across Canada.
Entities:
Keywords:
Body mass index; Obesity; Obesity, childhood onset; Obesity, morbid; Obesity, pediatric
Authors: Harunya Sivanesan; Leigh M Vanderloo; Charles D G Keown-Stoneman; Patricia C Parkin; Jonathon L Maguire; Catherine S Birken Journal: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Date: 2020-04-29 Impact factor: 6.457
Authors: Laura N Anderson; Tooba Fatima; Bindra Shah; Brendan T Smith; Anne E Fuller; Cornelia M Borkhoff; Charles D G Keown-Stoneman; Jonathon L Maguire; Catherine S Birken Journal: J Epidemiol Community Health Date: 2021-09-06 Impact factor: 3.710