Marc Humbert1,2,3, Jason Weatherald4,5. 1. Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. 2. Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. 3. INSERM UMR S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France. 4. University of Calgary, Dept of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Calgary, AB, Canada. 5. Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.