Ricardo Londono1, Aaron X Sun1,2,3, Rocky S Tuan1,3, Thomas P Lozito1. 1. Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 2. School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 3. Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: This manuscript discusses wound healing as a component of epimorphic regeneration and the role of the immune system in this process. RECENT FINDINGS: Epimorphic regeneration involves formation of a blastema, a mass of undifferentiated cells capable of giving rise to the regenerated tissues. The apical epithelial cap plays an important role in blastemal formation. SUMMARY: True regeneration is rarely observed in mammals. With the exception of transgenic strains, tissue repair in mammals usually leads to non-functional fibrotic tissue formation. In contrast, a number of lower order species including planarians, salamanders, and reptiles, have the ability to overcome the burden of scarring and tissue loss through complex adaptations that allow them to regenerate various anatomic structures through epimorphic regeneration. Blastemal cells have been suggested to originate via various mechanisms including de-differentiation, transdifferentiation, migration of pre-existing adult stem cell niches, and combinations of these.
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: This manuscript discusses wound healing as a component of epimorphic regeneration and the role of the immune system in this process. RECENT FINDINGS: Epimorphic regeneration involves formation of a blastema, a mass of undifferentiated cells capable of giving rise to the regenerated tissues. The apical epithelial cap plays an important role in blastemal formation. SUMMARY: True regeneration is rarely observed in mammals. With the exception of transgenic strains, tissue repair in mammals usually leads to non-functional fibrotic tissue formation. In contrast, a number of lower order species including planarians, salamanders, and reptiles, have the ability to overcome the burden of scarring and tissue loss through complex adaptations that allow them to regenerate various anatomic structures through epimorphic regeneration. Blastemal cells have been suggested to originate via various mechanisms including de-differentiation, transdifferentiation, migration of pre-existing adult stem cell niches, and combinations of these.
Authors: Warnakulasuriya Akash Fernando; Eric Leininger; Jennifer Simkin; Ni Li; Carrie A Malcom; Shyam Sathyamoorthi; Manjong Han; Ken Muneoka Journal: Dev Biol Date: 2010-12-08 Impact factor: 3.582
Authors: Ashley W Seifert; Stephen G Kiama; Megan G Seifert; Jacob R Goheen; Todd M Palmer; Malcolm Maden Journal: Nature Date: 2012-09-27 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: Aaron X Sun; Ricardo Londono; Megan L Hudnall; Rocky S Tuan; Thomas P Lozito Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2018-08-13 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Ricardo Londono; Sean Tighe; Beatrice Milnes; Christian DeMoya; Lina Maria Quijano; Megan L Hudnall; Joseph Nguyen; Evelyn Tran; Stephen Badylak; Thomas P Lozito Journal: J Immunol Regen Med Date: 2020-02-19
Authors: Noymar Luque-Campos; Felipe A Bustamante-Barrientos; Carolina Pradenas; Cynthia García; María Jesús Araya; Candice Bohaud; Rafael Contreras-López; Roberto Elizondo-Vega; Farida Djouad; Patricia Luz-Crawford; Ana María Vega-Letter Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2021-06-04 Impact factor: 7.561