William A Zuke1, Avinesh Agarwalla1, Beatrice Go2, Justin W Griffin3, Brian J Cole1, Nikhil N Verma1, Bernard R Bach1, Brian Forsythe4. 1. Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison St, Suite 300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. 2. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 3. Jordan-Young Institute for Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Virginia Beach, VA, USA. 4. Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison St, Suite 300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. forsythe.research@rushortho.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Sport-specific, performance-based outcomes are increasingly used to improve evaluation of treatment efficacy in elite athletes; however, its usage in elite soccer may be limited. The purpose of this investigation is to (1) assess current outcome reporting in elite soccer; (2) identify any variability in reporting of outcomes; and (3) determine how sport-specific performance-based outcomes are utilized to assess treatment efficacy in elite soccer. METHODS: A systematic review of the Pubmed, MEDLINE, and Embase, Scopus, SportDiscus, CINAHL and HealthSource: Nursing databases was performed without limitation on publication year. Inclusion criteria were (1) reporting of outcomes after a (2) lower extremity injury in (3) elite soccer players. The study's population, type of injury, return to play, as well as functional, objective, and sport-specific performance-based outcomes were extracted from each article. The methodological index for nonrandomized studies was used for quality assessment. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies were selected after application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Objective outcomes were reported by 6 (29%) studies, and 6 (29%) employed patient-reported outcomes. The visual analog scale, Lysholm, and Tegner scores were the most common patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Return to play was reported by 18 (86%) studies, and only 2 (10%) utilized sport-specific performance-based outcomes. Despite the majority of studies reporting return to play, variation was seen in the definitions, and 15 (71%) studies reported the activity level of the players at final follow-up. CONCLUSION: Assessment of treatment efficacy is limited in elite athletes, and PROs lack the sensitivity to identify residual performance deficits after an injury. Although performance-based measures are available at the elite level, these outcomes were seldom used for evaluation of treatment efficacy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When treating elite soccer players, patient-reported outcome measures lack the sensitivity to detect changes in patient function, thus performance-based metrics may be more efficacious in assessing return from injury in these patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
PURPOSE: Sport-specific, performance-based outcomes are increasingly used to improve evaluation of treatment efficacy in elite athletes; however, its usage in elite soccer may be limited. The purpose of this investigation is to (1) assess current outcome reporting in elite soccer; (2) identify any variability in reporting of outcomes; and (3) determine how sport-specific performance-based outcomes are utilized to assess treatment efficacy in elite soccer. METHODS: A systematic review of the Pubmed, MEDLINE, and Embase, Scopus, SportDiscus, CINAHL and HealthSource: Nursing databases was performed without limitation on publication year. Inclusion criteria were (1) reporting of outcomes after a (2) lower extremity injury in (3) elite soccer players. The study's population, type of injury, return to play, as well as functional, objective, and sport-specific performance-based outcomes were extracted from each article. The methodological index for nonrandomized studies was used for quality assessment. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies were selected after application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Objective outcomes were reported by 6 (29%) studies, and 6 (29%) employed patient-reported outcomes. The visual analog scale, Lysholm, and Tegner scores were the most common patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Return to play was reported by 18 (86%) studies, and only 2 (10%) utilized sport-specific performance-based outcomes. Despite the majority of studies reporting return to play, variation was seen in the definitions, and 15 (71%) studies reported the activity level of the players at final follow-up. CONCLUSION: Assessment of treatment efficacy is limited in elite athletes, and PROs lack the sensitivity to identify residual performance deficits after an injury. Although performance-based measures are available at the elite level, these outcomes were seldom used for evaluation of treatment efficacy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When treating elite soccer players, patient-reported outcome measures lack the sensitivity to detect changes in patient function, thus performance-based metrics may be more efficacious in assessing return from injury in these patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
Entities:
Keywords:
Elite soccer; Major league soccer; Outcomes; Performance-based outcomes; Return to play
Authors: Brandon J Erickson; Joshua D Harris; Jacob R Heninger; Rachel Frank; Charles A Bush-Joseph; Nikhil N Verma; Brian J Cole; Bernard R Bach Journal: Orthopedics Date: 2014-08 Impact factor: 1.390
Authors: Eric C Makhni; Ajay S Padaki; Petros D Petridis; Michael E Steinhaus; Christopher S Ahmad; Brian J Cole; Bernard R Bach Journal: J Bone Joint Surg Am Date: 2015-09-16 Impact factor: 5.284
Authors: S Zaffagnini; A Grassi; G M Marcheggiani Muccioli; K Tsapralis; M Ricci; L Bragonzoni; S Della Villa; M Marcacci Journal: Knee Date: 2014-02-14 Impact factor: 2.199
Authors: Brandon J Erickson; Joshua D Harris; Gregory L Cvetanovich; Bernard R Bach; Charles A Bush-Joseph; Geoffrey D Abrams; Anil K Gupta; Frank M McCormick; Brian J Cole Journal: Orthop J Sports Med Date: 2013-07-11