Evette Cordoba1,2, Gil Maduro2, Mary Huynh2, Jay K Varma2,3, Neil M Vora2,4. 1. Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 2. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York. 3. National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. 4. Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: "Pneumonia and influenza" are the third leading cause of death in New York City. Since 2012, pneumonia and influenza have been the only infectious diseases listed among the 10 leading causes of death in NYC. Most pneumonia and influenza deaths in NYC list pneumonia as the underlying cause of death, not influenza. We therefore analyzed death certificate data for pneumonia in NYC during 1999-2015. METHODS: We calculated annualized pneumonia death rates (overall and by sociodemographic subgroup) and examined the etiologic agent listed. RESULTS: There were 41 400 pneumonia deaths during the study period, corresponding to an annualized age-adjusted death rate of 29.7 per 100 000 population. Approximately 17.5% of pneumonia deaths specified an etiologic agent. Age-adjusted pneumonia death rate declined over the study period and across each borough. Males had an annualized age-adjusted pneumonia death rate 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-1.5) times that of females. Non-Hispanic blacks had an annualized age-adjusted pneumonia death rate 1.2 (95% CI, 1.2-1.2) times that of non-Hispanic whites. The annualized pneumonia death rate increased with age group above 5-24 years and neighborhood-level poverty. Staten Island had an annualized age-adjusted pneumonia death rate 1.3 (95% CI, 1.2-1.3) times that of Manhattan. In the multivariable analysis, pneumonia deaths were more likely to occur among males, non-Hispanic blacks, persons aged ≥65 years, residents of neighborhoods with higher poverty levels, and in Staten Island. CONCLUSIONS: While the accuracy of death certificates is unknown, investigation is needed to understand why certain populations are disproportionately recorded as dying from pneumonia in NYC.
BACKGROUND: "Pneumonia and influenza" are the third leading cause of death in New York City. Since 2012, pneumonia and influenza have been the only infectious diseases listed among the 10 leading causes of death in NYC. Most pneumonia and influenza deaths in NYC list pneumonia as the underlying cause of death, not influenza. We therefore analyzed death certificate data for pneumonia in NYC during 1999-2015. METHODS: We calculated annualized pneumonia death rates (overall and by sociodemographic subgroup) and examined the etiologic agent listed. RESULTS: There were 41 400 pneumonia deaths during the study period, corresponding to an annualized age-adjusted death rate of 29.7 per 100 000 population. Approximately 17.5% of pneumonia deaths specified an etiologic agent. Age-adjusted pneumonia death rate declined over the study period and across each borough. Males had an annualized age-adjusted pneumonia death rate 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-1.5) times that of females. Non-Hispanic blacks had an annualized age-adjusted pneumonia death rate 1.2 (95% CI, 1.2-1.2) times that of non-Hispanic whites. The annualized pneumonia death rate increased with age group above 5-24 years and neighborhood-level poverty. Staten Island had an annualized age-adjusted pneumonia death rate 1.3 (95% CI, 1.2-1.3) times that of Manhattan. In the multivariable analysis, pneumonia deaths were more likely to occur among males, non-Hispanic blacks, persons aged ≥65 years, residents of neighborhoods with higher poverty levels, and in Staten Island. CONCLUSIONS: While the accuracy of death certificates is unknown, investigation is needed to understand why certain populations are disproportionately recorded as dying from pneumonia in NYC.
Authors: Seema Jain; Wesley H Self; Richard G Wunderink; Sherene Fakhran; Robert Balk; Anna M Bramley; Carrie Reed; Carlos G Grijalva; Evan J Anderson; D Mark Courtney; James D Chappell; Chao Qi; Eric M Hart; Frank Carroll; Christopher Trabue; Helen K Donnelly; Derek J Williams; Yuwei Zhu; Sandra R Arnold; Krow Ampofo; Grant W Waterer; Min Levine; Stephen Lindstrom; Jonas M Winchell; Jacqueline M Katz; Dean Erdman; Eileen Schneider; Lauri A Hicks; Jonathan A McCullers; Andrew T Pavia; Kathryn M Edwards; Lyn Finelli Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2015-07-14 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Laura Falci; Erica J Lee Argov; Gretchen Van Wye; Madia Plitt; Antonio Soto; Mary Huynh Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2018-01-01 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Peter M Izmirly; Isabella Wan; Sara Sahl; Jill P Buyon; H Michael Belmont; Jane E Salmon; Anca Askanase; Joan M Bathon; Laura Geraldino-Pardilla; Yousaf Ali; Ellen M Ginzler; Chaim Putterman; Caroline Gordon; Charles G Helmick; Hilary Parton Journal: Arthritis Rheumatol Date: 2017-09-10 Impact factor: 10.995
Authors: Christopher H Gu; David E Lucero; Chaorui C Huang; Demetre Daskalakis; Jay K Varma; Neil M Vora Journal: Public Health Rep Date: 2018 Sep/Oct Impact factor: 2.792
Authors: Jordan L Kennedy; Dana L Haberling; Chaorui C Huang; Fernanda C Lessa; David E Lucero; Demetre C Daskalakis; Neil M Vora Journal: Chest Date: 2019-04-29 Impact factor: 9.410
Authors: Tyler S Brown; Kathryn Dubowski; Madia Plitt; Laura Falci; Erica Lee; Mary Huynh; Yoko Furuya; Neil M Vora Journal: Public Health Rep Date: 2020-10-08 Impact factor: 2.792
Authors: Melody Wu; Katherine Whittemore; Chaorui C Huang; Rachel E Corrado; Gretchen M Culp; Sungwoo Lim; Neil W Schluger; Demetre C Daskalakis; David E Lucero; Neil M Vora Journal: PLoS One Date: 2020-12-23 Impact factor: 3.240