Literature DB >> 29951248

Crystal structure of 2-{5-[2-(2-hy-droxy-phen-yl)diazen-1-yl]-1-methyl-pyrrol-2-yl}phenol methanol monosolvate.

Guiwen Yang1, Huixiao Feng1, Zhenming Yin1.   

Abstract

In the title azo-pyrrole compound, C17H15N3O2·CH3OH, the azo N=N bond adopts a trans configuration and the pyrrole N and azo group are in an anti orientation. The dihedral angles between the pyrrole ring and the two phenyl rings are 6.7 (3) and 54.7 (3)°. In the crystal, a supra-molecular ring structure is formed between two azo-pyrrole and two methanol solvent mol-ecules through four O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Entities:  

Keywords:  azo­pyrrole; crystal structure; hydrogen bonding

Year:  2018        PMID: 29951248      PMCID: PMC6002831          DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018007764

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

Recently, azo­pyrrole dyes have received much attention for their promising use in the design of advanced materials and devices. For example, some thienyl­pyrrole azo dyes bearing heterocyclic groups have good non-linear optical properties (Raposo et al., 2011 ▸). Mikroyannidis and coworkers found that many azo­pyrrole dyes are efficient bulk heterojunction solar cell materials (Sharma et al., 2012 ▸). In a previous work, we reported the crystal engineering of some 5,5′-bis­(phenyl­diazo)­dipyrro­methane compounds and demonstrated their inter­locked type self-assemblies in the solid state via quadruple N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds (Yin et al., 2008 ▸, 2009 ▸). In a continuation of this research, we report herein the crystal structure of 2-{5-[2-(2-hy­droxy­phen­yl)diazen-1-yl]-1-methyl­pyrrol-2-yl}phenol methanol monosolvate.

Structural commentary

The structure of the title compound is shown in Fig. 1 ▸. The asymmetric unit contains one azo­pyrrole mol­ecule and one methanol solvent mol­ecule. The azoylazo­pyrrole group is almost planar, reflected by the dihedral angle between the pyrrole ring (N3/C7–C10) and the benzene ring (C1–C6) of only 6.7 (3)°, which may be due to the existence of the intra­molecular O1—H1⋯N2 hydrogen bond (Table 1 ▸) between the hy­droxy group and the azo N atom. The dihedral angle between pyrrole ring and the other benzene ring (C12–C17) is 54.7 (3)°, which may be caused by the steric repulsion between hy­droxy group and methyl group. The azo N=N bond adopts a trans configuration and its length is 1.286 (2) Å, which is shorter than that in the crystal of 2,5-bis­(2-hy­droxy­phenyl­azo)-1H-pyrrole (1.293 Å; Li et al. 2009 ▸). It is worth mentioning that the N1 atom of the azo group and the N3 atom of the pyrrole ring are arranged on opposite sides with respect to the C7—N2 bond, which is the same as in the crystal of 2-phenyl­azo-1-vinyl pyrrole (Trofimov et al., 2006 ▸) but different to many other observations (Li et al., 2009 ▸; Yin et al., 2008 ▸). The bond lengths in the pyrrole ring are more equal compared to those normally observed.
Figure 1

ORTEP diagram for the title compound, with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 30% probability level. The methanol solvent mol­ecule was omitted for clarity.

Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

Cg1 and Cg2 are the centroids of the C1–C6 and C12-C17 rings, respectively

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
O1—H1⋯N20.841.812.530 (2)143
O2—H2⋯O3i 0.841.812.641 (2)171
O3—H3A⋯O1ii 0.841.972.763 (2)157
C11—H11BCg1iii 0.982.733.587 (2)147
C18—H18CCg2iv 0.982.753.483 (3)132

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) .

Supra­molecular features

In the crystal, two azo­pyrrole mol­ecules are bridged by two methanol solvent mol­ecules through four O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming a large supra­molecular ring structure, in which the methanol acts as both a hydrogen-bond acceptor and a donor (Fig. 2 ▸, Table 1 ▸). This type of coordination environment is most populated (occupying 70%) for methanol mol­ecules as revealed by a search of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) (Brychczynska et al. 2008 ▸). The methyl groups point to the inside of the ring. The rings are further held together through C—H⋯π contacts involving the benzene rings (Table 1 ▸). There are no π–π inter­actions between the aromatic rings. The packing is shown in Fig. 3 ▸.
Figure 2

O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonded (Table 1 ▸) supra­molecular ring structure.

Figure 3

A view of the crystal packing along the b axis.

Database survey

A search in the Cambridge Structural Database (Version 5.38; Groom et al., 2016 ▸) returned 45 entries for azo­pyrrole derivatives, including three entries for N-vinyl­phenyl­azo­pyrrole (Trofimov et al., 2006 ▸; Rusakov et al., 2007 ▸), four entries for mono- or bis­azo­pyrroles (Li et al., 2009 ▸), two entries for azo calix[4]pyrroles (Nishiyabu et al., 2006 ▸), five entries for pyrrole-azocrown ethers (Wagner-Wysiecka et al., 2011 ▸; Szczygelska-Tao et al., 2008 ▸), two entries for azo­pyrrole boron difluoride complexes (Li et al., 2009 ▸; Lee et al., 2012 ▸), ten entries for metal complexes (Li et al., 2008 ▸; Li, & Dolphin, 2011 ▸; Yin et al., 2012 ▸; Zhang et al., 2015 ▸; Ghorui et al., 2016 ▸); the majority are for mono- or bis­phenyl­azodipyrro­methanes (Yin et al., 2008 ▸, 2009 ▸; Chen & Yin, 2014 ▸; Zhang & Yin, 2014 ▸).

Synthesis and crystallization

A 273 K solution of 2-amino­phenol 0.272 g (2.5 mmol) and aqueous HCl (2 mL) in water (2 mL) was treated with another 273 K solution of NaNO2 (0.18 g, 2.5 mmol) in 3 mL water, and the mixture was stirred at 273 K for 30 min. The diazo­nium salt solution was added dropwise to a solution of N-methyl­pyrrole (81 mg, 1 mmol) in aceto­nitrile (25 mL) and three drops of acetic acid. The combined solution was maintained at 273 K for 2 h with stirring. After that, EtOAc (25 mL) and water (25 mL) were added. The organic layer was separated and washed with water (20 mL) and dried with anhydrous MgSO4. The solution was evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica (ethyl acetate/petroleum ether = 1:2), which gave the title compound as an orange powder (200 mg, 68%, m.p. 404 K). 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d 6): δ 3.73 (s, 3H, –CH3), 6.32 (d, J = 4 Hz, 1H, pyrrole C—H), 6.86 (d, J = 4 Hz, 1H, pyrrole C–H), 6.90–6.95 (m, 2H, Ar C-H), 6.99 (t, 2H, J = 8 Hz, Ar C—H), 7.23–7.31 (m, 3H, Ar C-H), 7.65 (d, J = 8Hz, 1H, Ar C—H), 9.95 (s, 1H, –OH), 10.43 (s, 1H, –OH) . Crystals suitable X-ray diffraction analysis were obtained by the slow evaporation of a CHCl3/CH3OH solution of the title compound.

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2 ▸. O—H atoms were located in a difference-Fourier map and refined freely. Other H atoms were positioned geometrically (C—H = 0.95 or 0.98 Å) and included in the final cycles of refinement using a riding model, with U iso(H) = 1.2U eq(C) or 1.5U eq(Cmeth­yl).
Table 2

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC17H15N3O2·CH4O
M r 325.36
Crystal system, space groupTriclinic, P
Temperature (K)173
a, b, c (Å)7.1597 (11), 9.8762 (16), 12.243 (2)
α, β, γ (°)110.426 (3), 94.051 (3), 93.378 (3)
V3)806.0 (2)
Z 2
Radiation typeMo Kα
μ (mm−1)0.09
Crystal size (mm)0.14 × 0.13 × 0.12
 
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker APEXII CCD
Absorption correctionMulti-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2005)
T min, T max 0.987, 0.989
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections4168, 2830, 2071
R int 0.025
(sin θ/λ)max−1)0.595
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.045, 0.109, 1.03
No. of reflections2830
No. of parameters222
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)0.21, −0.23

Computer programs: APEX2 and SAINT (Bruker, 2005 ▸), SHELXS97, SHELXL97 and SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018007764/ff2153sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018007764/ff2153Isup2.hkl Click here for additional data file. Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018007764/ff2153Isup3.cml CCDC reference: 1845021 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
C17H15N3O2·CH4OZ = 2
Mr = 325.36F(000) = 344
Triclinic, P1Dx = 1.341 Mg m3
a = 7.1597 (11) ÅMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
b = 9.8762 (16) ÅCell parameters from 1104 reflections
c = 12.243 (2) Åθ = 2.3–28.1°
α = 110.426 (3)°µ = 0.09 mm1
β = 94.051 (3)°T = 173 K
γ = 93.378 (3)°BLOCK, yellow
V = 806.0 (2) Å30.14 × 0.13 × 0.12 mm
Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer2830 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube2071 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.025
φ and ω scansθmax = 25.0°, θmin = 1.8°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2005)h = −8→8
Tmin = 0.987, Tmax = 0.989k = −11→9
4168 measured reflectionsl = −14→14
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.045Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.109H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.03w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0437P)2 + 0.2373P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
2830 reflections(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
222 parametersΔρmax = 0.21 e Å3
0 restraintsΔρmin = −0.23 e Å3
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > 2sigma(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
O10.2218 (2)0.53355 (15)−0.07978 (12)0.0254 (4)
H10.22600.5941−0.01130.038*
O20.4830 (2)1.13606 (14)0.27561 (13)0.0221 (4)
H20.55271.19980.26360.033*
O30.2725 (2)0.68674 (17)0.77244 (15)0.0304 (4)
H3A0.29000.63750.81540.046*
N10.2920 (2)0.48800 (18)0.14369 (15)0.0191 (4)
N20.2614 (2)0.61395 (18)0.14132 (14)0.0181 (4)
N30.2453 (2)0.86125 (17)0.24967 (14)0.0166 (4)
C10.2840 (3)0.3796 (2)0.03169 (18)0.0180 (5)
C20.2539 (3)0.4013 (2)−0.07572 (18)0.0196 (5)
C30.2592 (3)0.2857 (2)−0.18007 (19)0.0247 (5)
H30.23900.3001−0.25260.030*
C40.2933 (3)0.1506 (2)−0.17897 (19)0.0243 (5)
H40.29880.0728−0.25080.029*
C50.3199 (3)0.1269 (2)−0.07380 (19)0.0235 (5)
H50.34070.0329−0.07350.028*
C60.3159 (3)0.2406 (2)0.02965 (19)0.0206 (5)
H60.33530.22440.10150.025*
C70.2752 (3)0.7239 (2)0.24820 (17)0.0170 (5)
C80.3197 (3)0.7316 (2)0.36227 (17)0.0190 (5)
H80.34780.65330.38700.023*
C90.3152 (3)0.8753 (2)0.43346 (18)0.0190 (5)
H90.33860.91280.51640.023*
C100.2708 (3)0.9552 (2)0.36319 (17)0.0172 (5)
C110.1888 (3)0.8954 (2)0.14600 (18)0.0210 (5)
H11A0.14660.99330.17020.032*
H11B0.08580.82510.09860.032*
H11C0.29590.89080.09970.032*
C120.2552 (3)1.1127 (2)0.39959 (17)0.0167 (5)
C130.3645 (3)1.2011 (2)0.35662 (17)0.0166 (5)
C140.3540 (3)1.3501 (2)0.39739 (17)0.0184 (5)
H140.42661.40920.36640.022*
C150.2372 (3)1.4124 (2)0.48346 (18)0.0203 (5)
H150.22991.51440.51130.024*
C160.1314 (3)1.3269 (2)0.52895 (18)0.0211 (5)
H160.05261.36990.58860.025*
C170.1411 (3)1.1790 (2)0.48707 (18)0.0201 (5)
H170.06821.12070.51870.024*
C180.0860 (3)0.7274 (3)0.7761 (2)0.0310 (6)
H18A0.07120.79700.85410.046*
H18B−0.00200.64110.75940.046*
H18C0.05960.77200.71730.046*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
O10.0358 (9)0.0192 (8)0.0215 (8)0.0050 (7)0.0042 (7)0.0068 (7)
O20.0216 (8)0.0161 (8)0.0286 (8)0.0020 (6)0.0093 (7)0.0066 (7)
O30.0220 (8)0.0362 (10)0.0448 (10)0.0055 (7)0.0064 (7)0.0279 (8)
N10.0188 (9)0.0144 (9)0.0233 (10)0.0014 (7)0.0030 (8)0.0053 (8)
N20.0164 (9)0.0155 (10)0.0216 (9)0.0004 (7)0.0024 (7)0.0057 (8)
N30.0157 (9)0.0155 (9)0.0188 (9)0.0018 (7)0.0022 (7)0.0062 (7)
C10.0120 (10)0.0167 (11)0.0226 (11)0.0005 (8)0.0008 (9)0.0040 (9)
C20.0165 (11)0.0176 (12)0.0253 (12)0.0020 (9)0.0015 (9)0.0083 (9)
C30.0235 (12)0.0296 (13)0.0199 (11)0.0021 (10)0.0022 (10)0.0072 (10)
C40.0209 (11)0.0210 (12)0.0236 (12)0.0036 (9)0.0026 (9)−0.0015 (10)
C50.0212 (12)0.0160 (12)0.0304 (13)0.0036 (9)0.0001 (10)0.0049 (10)
C60.0172 (11)0.0211 (12)0.0230 (11)0.0008 (9)−0.0021 (9)0.0080 (9)
C70.0152 (10)0.0136 (11)0.0215 (11)0.0004 (8)0.0032 (9)0.0052 (9)
C80.0222 (11)0.0143 (11)0.0216 (11)0.0022 (9)0.0025 (9)0.0077 (9)
C90.0198 (11)0.0184 (11)0.0179 (11)0.0012 (9)0.0031 (9)0.0051 (9)
C100.0143 (10)0.0160 (11)0.0195 (11)0.0004 (8)0.0028 (9)0.0042 (9)
C110.0239 (12)0.0176 (11)0.0198 (11)0.0019 (9)−0.0034 (9)0.0054 (9)
C120.0151 (10)0.0142 (11)0.0197 (11)0.0000 (8)−0.0022 (9)0.0055 (9)
C130.0148 (10)0.0174 (11)0.0160 (10)0.0031 (8)−0.0001 (8)0.0040 (9)
C140.0181 (11)0.0154 (11)0.0211 (11)−0.0006 (8)−0.0010 (9)0.0066 (9)
C150.0210 (11)0.0141 (11)0.0227 (11)0.0027 (9)−0.0009 (9)0.0031 (9)
C160.0206 (11)0.0200 (12)0.0216 (11)0.0047 (9)0.0048 (9)0.0050 (9)
C170.0171 (11)0.0202 (12)0.0239 (11)−0.0005 (9)0.0028 (9)0.0090 (9)
C180.0216 (12)0.0363 (14)0.0367 (14)0.0030 (10)0.0015 (11)0.0153 (12)
O1—C21.357 (2)C7—C81.385 (3)
O1—H10.8400C8—C91.386 (3)
O2—C131.362 (2)C8—H80.9500
O2—H20.8400C9—C101.389 (3)
O3—C181.416 (3)C9—H90.9500
O3—H3A0.8400C10—C121.475 (3)
N1—N21.286 (2)C11—H11A0.9800
N1—C11.410 (2)C11—H11B0.9800
N2—C71.371 (2)C11—H11C0.9800
N3—C101.367 (2)C12—C171.393 (3)
N3—C71.380 (3)C12—C131.396 (3)
N3—C111.460 (3)C13—C141.388 (3)
C1—C61.397 (3)C14—C151.386 (3)
C1—C21.409 (3)C14—H140.9500
C2—C31.390 (3)C15—C161.382 (3)
C3—C41.375 (3)C15—H150.9500
C3—H30.9500C16—C171.378 (3)
C4—C51.389 (3)C16—H160.9500
C4—H40.9500C17—H170.9500
C5—C61.372 (3)C18—H18A0.9800
C5—H50.9500C18—H18B0.9800
C6—H60.9500C18—H18C0.9800
C2—O1—H1109.5C10—C9—H9125.7
C13—O2—H2109.5N3—C10—C9107.62 (17)
C18—O3—H3A109.5N3—C10—C12124.35 (19)
N2—N1—C1113.64 (18)C9—C10—C12128.03 (18)
N1—N2—C7115.61 (18)N3—C11—H11A109.5
C10—N3—C7108.49 (17)N3—C11—H11B109.5
C10—N3—C11127.06 (17)H11A—C11—H11B109.5
C7—N3—C11124.41 (17)N3—C11—H11C109.5
C6—C1—C2118.50 (19)H11A—C11—H11C109.5
C6—C1—N1115.80 (19)H11B—C11—H11C109.5
C2—C1—N1125.66 (19)C17—C12—C13118.08 (19)
O1—C2—C3119.0 (2)C17—C12—C10119.67 (19)
O1—C2—C1121.41 (18)C13—C12—C10122.00 (19)
C3—C2—C1119.6 (2)O2—C13—C14121.74 (19)
C4—C3—C2120.4 (2)O2—C13—C12117.65 (18)
C4—C3—H3119.8C14—C13—C12120.60 (19)
C2—C3—H3119.8C15—C14—C13119.8 (2)
C3—C4—C5120.6 (2)C15—C14—H14120.1
C3—C4—H4119.7C13—C14—H14120.1
C5—C4—H4119.7C16—C15—C14120.3 (2)
C6—C5—C4119.3 (2)C16—C15—H15119.9
C6—C5—H5120.3C14—C15—H15119.9
C4—C5—H5120.3C17—C16—C15119.5 (2)
C5—C6—C1121.5 (2)C17—C16—H16120.3
C5—C6—H6119.3C15—C16—H16120.3
C1—C6—H6119.3C16—C17—C12121.7 (2)
N2—C7—N3117.55 (18)C16—C17—H17119.2
N2—C7—C8133.93 (19)C12—C17—H17119.2
N3—C7—C8108.49 (17)O3—C18—H18A109.5
C7—C8—C9106.85 (19)O3—C18—H18B109.5
C7—C8—H8126.6H18A—C18—H18B109.5
C9—C8—H8126.6O3—C18—H18C109.5
C8—C9—C10108.55 (18)H18A—C18—H18C109.5
C8—C9—H9125.7H18B—C18—H18C109.5
C1—N1—N2—C7−177.49 (17)C7—C8—C9—C10−0.8 (2)
N2—N1—C1—C6−179.85 (17)C7—N3—C10—C9−0.6 (2)
N2—N1—C1—C22.6 (3)C11—N3—C10—C9177.13 (18)
C6—C1—C2—O1179.88 (19)C7—N3—C10—C12178.51 (18)
N1—C1—C2—O1−2.6 (3)C11—N3—C10—C12−3.7 (3)
C6—C1—C2—C3−0.9 (3)C8—C9—C10—N30.9 (2)
N1—C1—C2—C3176.63 (19)C8—C9—C10—C12−178.2 (2)
O1—C2—C3—C4179.32 (19)N3—C10—C12—C17128.7 (2)
C1—C2—C3—C40.1 (3)C9—C10—C12—C17−52.3 (3)
C2—C3—C4—C51.1 (3)N3—C10—C12—C13−57.2 (3)
C3—C4—C5—C6−1.4 (3)C9—C10—C12—C13121.8 (2)
C4—C5—C6—C10.6 (3)C17—C12—C13—O2176.58 (17)
C2—C1—C6—C50.6 (3)C10—C12—C13—O22.4 (3)
N1—C1—C6—C5−177.19 (18)C17—C12—C13—C14−2.3 (3)
N1—N2—C7—N3179.37 (17)C10—C12—C13—C14−176.47 (18)
N1—N2—C7—C81.5 (3)O2—C13—C14—C15−177.29 (17)
C10—N3—C7—N2−178.23 (17)C12—C13—C14—C151.5 (3)
C11—N3—C7—N23.9 (3)C13—C14—C15—C160.0 (3)
C10—N3—C7—C80.2 (2)C14—C15—C16—C17−0.8 (3)
C11—N3—C7—C8−177.69 (18)C15—C16—C17—C120.0 (3)
N2—C7—C8—C9178.4 (2)C13—C12—C17—C161.5 (3)
N3—C7—C8—C90.4 (2)C10—C12—C17—C16175.89 (18)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
O1—H1···N20.841.812.530 (2)143
O2—H2···O3i0.841.812.641 (2)171
O3—H3A···O1ii0.841.972.763 (2)157
C11—H11B···Cg1iii0.982.733.587 (2)147
C18—H18C···Cg2iv0.982.753.483 (3)132
  7 in total

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3.  Three-stage binary switching of azoaromatic polybase.

Authors:  Ho Yong Lee; András Olasz; Chun-Hsing Chen; Dongwhan Lee
Journal:  Org Lett       Date:  2012-12-03       Impact factor: 6.005

4.  Near-Infrared absorbing azo dyes: synthesis and x-ray crystallographic and spectral characterization of monoazopyrroles, bisazopyrroles, and a boron-azopyrrole complex.

Authors:  Yan Li; Brian O Patrick; David Dolphin
Journal:  J Org Chem       Date:  2009-08-07       Impact factor: 4.354

5.  RhCl(PPh3)3-mediated C-H oxyfunctionalization of pyrrolido-functionalized bisazoaromatic pincers: a combined experimental and theoretical scrutiny of redox-active and spectroscopic properties.

Authors:  Tapas Ghorui; Sima Roy; Shuvam Pramanik; Kausikisankar Pramanik
Journal:  Dalton Trans       Date:  2016-03-02       Impact factor: 4.390

6.  [2-(Phenyl-diazen-yl)pyrrolato]bis(2-pyridylphen-yl)iridium(III).

Authors:  Wen-Ying Li; Li-Sheng Mao; Long Lu; Hong-Wu He
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online       Date:  2008-02-20

7.  The Cambridge Structural Database.

Authors:  Colin R Groom; Ian J Bruno; Matthew P Lightfoot; Suzanna C Ward
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater       Date:  2016-04-01
  7 in total

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