| Literature DB >> 29948912 |
Marta Manso1, Sofia Pessanha2, Mauro Guerra2, Uwe Reinholz3, Cláudia Afonso4, Martin Radtke3, Helena Lourenço4, Maria Luísa Carvalho2, Ana Guilherme Buzanich3.
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, in conjunction with atomic absorption and Raman spectroscopy, was used to analyze a set of top brand tattoo inks to investigate the presence of toxic elements and hazardous substances. The Cr, Cu, and Pb contents were found to be above the maximum allowed levels established by the Council of Europe through the resolution ResAP(2008)1 on requirements and criteria for the safety of tattoos and permanent makeup. Raman analysis has revealed the presence of a set of prohibited substances mentioned in ResAP(2008)1, among which are the pigments Blue 15, Green 7, and Violet 23. Other pigments that were identified in white, black, red, and yellow inks are the Pigment White 6, Carbon Black, Pigment Red 8, and a diazo yellow, respectively. The present results show the importance of regulating tattoo ink composition.Entities:
Keywords: Hazardous substances; Spectroscopic techniques; Tattoo inks; Toxic metals
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Year: 2018 PMID： 29948912 DOI： 10.1007/s12011-018-1406-y
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Biol Trace Elem Res ISSN： 0163-4984 Impact factor: 3.738