Esa Färkkilä1, Riina Rautemaa-Richardson2,3, Anniina Färkkilä4, Lotta Grönholm5, Anneli Lauhio6. 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4 E, P.O. Box 220, 00029, HUS, Helsinki, Finland. esa.farkkila@helsinki.fi. 2. Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK. 3. Department of Infectious Diseases, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK. 4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, P.O. Box 20, 00029, HUS, Helsinki, Finland. 5. Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O. Box 180, 00029, HUS, Helsinki, Finland. 6. Department of Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Nordenskiöldinkatu 20, building 5 3rd floor, P.O. BOX 348, 00029, HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of oral infection with potential for spread (OIPS) and behavioural risk factors in patients referred to a regional tertiary care-centre for OIPS assessment and clearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A database search of all referrals to the Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases unit of HUH in 2009 was performed. Of the 2807 referrals, 408 were due to a known or suspected OIPS. The electronic patient records of these patients were analysed for patient demographics, lifestyle factors, radiological findings and clinical oral findings. Risk factors for OIPS were analysed using logistic regression and using the significant factors in univariate analyses in the multivariate models. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 58 years. Most patients (n = 270, 66%) were referred due to upcoming cancer or other immunosuppressive therapy. The majority (n = 314, 77%) were diagnosed with one or more OIPS. In univariate analyses, smoking (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.6-6.4; p = 0.0006), male gender (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8; p = 0.02), excessive alcohol use (OR 3.0, 95% 1.1-7.9; p = 0.03) and irregular dental care (OR 4.8, 95% CI 2.6-8.8; p < 0.0001) were risk factors for OIPS. However, in multivariate analyses, smoking was the only independent risk factor for OIPS (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2-11.8; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: OIPS are common in patients referred for OIPS clearance, and smoking was identified as an independent behavioural risk factor for them. These findings highlight the burden of disease in this patient group and the importance of smoking cessation encouragement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To identify patients at increased risk of OIPS.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of oral infection with potential for spread (OIPS) and behavioural risk factors in patients referred to a regional tertiary care-centre for OIPS assessment and clearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A database search of all referrals to the Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases unit of HUH in 2009 was performed. Of the 2807 referrals, 408 were due to a known or suspected OIPS. The electronic patient records of these patients were analysed for patient demographics, lifestyle factors, radiological findings and clinical oral findings. Risk factors for OIPS were analysed using logistic regression and using the significant factors in univariate analyses in the multivariate models. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 58 years. Most patients (n = 270, 66%) were referred due to upcoming cancer or other immunosuppressive therapy. The majority (n = 314, 77%) were diagnosed with one or more OIPS. In univariate analyses, smoking (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.6-6.4; p = 0.0006), male gender (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8; p = 0.02), excessive alcohol use (OR 3.0, 95% 1.1-7.9; p = 0.03) and irregular dental care (OR 4.8, 95% CI 2.6-8.8; p < 0.0001) were risk factors for OIPS. However, in multivariate analyses, smoking was the only independent risk factor for OIPS (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2-11.8; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: OIPS are common in patients referred for OIPS clearance, and smoking was identified as an independent behavioural risk factor for them. These findings highlight the burden of disease in this patient group and the importance of smoking cessation encouragement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To identify patients at increased risk of OIPS.
Authors: Maurizio S Tonetti; Peter Eickholz; Bruno G Loos; Panos Papapanou; Ubele van der Velden; Gary Armitage; Philippe Bouchard; Renate Deinzer; Thomas Dietrich; Frances Hughes; Thomas Kocher; Niklaus P Lang; Rodrigo Lopez; Ian Needleman; Tim Newton; Luigi Nibali; Bernadette Pretzl; Christoph Ramseier; Ignacio Sanz-Sanchez; Ulrich Schlagenhauf; Jean E Suvan Journal: J Clin Periodontol Date: 2015-04 Impact factor: 8.728