Hyung Joon Yim1, Sang Jun Suh1, Young Kul Jung1, Sun Young Yim1, Yeon Seok Seo1, Yu Rim Lee1, Soo Young Park1, Jae Young Jang1, Young Seok Kim1, Hong Soo Kim1, Byung Ik Kim1, Soon Ho Um1. 1. Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea. Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea. Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea. Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea. Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. These authors contributed equally: Hyung Joon Yim, Sang Jun Suh.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: For the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic patients with ascites, norfloxacin 400 mg per day is recommended as a standard regimen. This study aims to investigate whether ciprofloxacin once weekly administration is not inferior to norfloxacin once daily administration for the prevention of SBP. METHODS: This is an investigator-initiated open-label randomized controlled trial conducted at seven tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Liver cirrhosis patients with ascites were screened, and enrolled in this randomized controlled trial if ascitic protein ≤1.5 g/dL or the presence of history of SBP. Ascitic polymorphonucleated cell count needed to be <250/mm3. Patients were randomly assigned into norfloxacin daily or ciprofloxacin weekly group, and followed-up for 12 months. Primary endpoint was the prevention of SBP. RESULTS:One hundred twenty-four patients met enrollment criteria and were assigned into each group by 1:1 ratio (62:62). Seven patients in the norfloxacin group and five patients in the ciprofloxacin group were lost to follow-up. SBP developed in four patients (4/55) and in three patients (3/57) in each group, respectively (7.3% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.712). The transplant-free survival rates at 1 year were comparable between the groups (72.7% vs. 73.7%, P = 0.970). Incidence of infectious complication, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, and variceal bleeding rates were not significantly different (all P = ns). The factors related to survival were models representing underlying liver function. CONCLUSION: Once weekly ciprofloxacin was as effective as daily norfloxacin for the prevention of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVES: For the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic patients with ascites, norfloxacin 400 mg per day is recommended as a standard regimen. This study aims to investigate whether ciprofloxacin once weekly administration is not inferior to norfloxacin once daily administration for the prevention of SBP. METHODS: This is an investigator-initiated open-label randomized controlled trial conducted at seven tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Liver cirrhosispatients with ascites were screened, and enrolled in this randomized controlled trial if ascitic protein ≤1.5 g/dL or the presence of history of SBP. Ascitic polymorphonucleated cell count needed to be <250/mm3. Patients were randomly assigned into norfloxacin daily or ciprofloxacin weekly group, and followed-up for 12 months. Primary endpoint was the prevention of SBP. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-four patients met enrollment criteria and were assigned into each group by 1:1 ratio (62:62). Seven patients in the norfloxacin group and five patients in the ciprofloxacin group were lost to follow-up. SBP developed in four patients (4/55) and in three patients (3/57) in each group, respectively (7.3% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.712). The transplant-free survival rates at 1 year were comparable between the groups (72.7% vs. 73.7%, P = 0.970). Incidence of infectious complication, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, and variceal bleeding rates were not significantly different (all P = ns). The factors related to survival were models representing underlying liver function. CONCLUSION: Once weekly ciprofloxacin was as effective as daily norfloxacin for the prevention of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites.
Authors: Oluyemi Komolafe; Danielle Roberts; Suzanne C Freeman; Peter Wilson; Alex J Sutton; Nicola J Cooper; Chavdar S Pavlov; Elisabeth Jane Milne; Neil Hawkins; Maxine Cowlin; Douglas Thorburn; Brian R Davidson; Emmanuel Tsochatzis; Kurinchi Selvan Gurusamy Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2020-01-16