Sander Brons1, Amir Darroudi2, Rania Nada3, Ewald M Bronkhorst4, Rinaldo Vreeken5, Stefaan J Berge5, Thomas Maal5, Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman2. 1. Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX, Nijmegen, Netherlands. sander.brons@radboudumc.nl. 2. Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX, Nijmegen, Netherlands. 3. Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Street 102 Jabriya, Kuwait City, Kuwait. 4. Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, section of Preventive and Curative Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX, Nijmegen, Netherlands. 5. Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of involuntary facial expressions on 3D facial stereophotogrammetry reproducibility in children with and without unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate (UCLP) aged 3-18 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three to eight 3D facial images per time point were acquired within 10 min of 31 children with UCLP and 50 controls at 3, 12 and 18 months of age. 3D mapping of two 3D facial images per subject per age was performed. Distance kits of the full face and nasolabial area were calculated. RESULTS: In the total subject pool, mean variation between two 3D facial images ranged from 0.38-0.88 mm. There were no significant differences within groups for the various ages. Variation between controls and UCLP subjects did not differ significantly. Variation was higher in the nasolabial area than in the full face. CONCLUSIONS: The influence of involuntary facial expressions on the estimation of facial growth should not be underestimated, especially in the nasolabial region of UCLP subjects aged 3 months. To improve 3D facial imaging reliability, image capturing should be performed by a trained photographer following a meticulous image capturing protocol, including thorough review after capture. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Facial 3D stereophotogrammetry is a useful tool for monitoring facial growth longitudinally in young children with facial deformities, as no radiation is involved and image capture is easy and fast. It can be performed reliably in children with and without UCLP aged 3-18 months by an experienced photographer utilising a meticulous image capturing protocol.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of involuntary facial expressions on 3D facial stereophotogrammetry reproducibility in children with and without unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate (UCLP) aged 3-18 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three to eight 3D facial images per time point were acquired within 10 min of 31 children with UCLP and 50 controls at 3, 12 and 18 months of age. 3D mapping of two 3D facial images per subject per age was performed. Distance kits of the full face and nasolabial area were calculated. RESULTS: In the total subject pool, mean variation between two 3D facial images ranged from 0.38-0.88 mm. There were no significant differences within groups for the various ages. Variation between controls and UCLP subjects did not differ significantly. Variation was higher in the nasolabial area than in the full face. CONCLUSIONS: The influence of involuntary facial expressions on the estimation of facial growth should not be underestimated, especially in the nasolabial region of UCLP subjects aged 3 months. To improve 3D facial imaging reliability, image capturing should be performed by a trained photographer following a meticulous image capturing protocol, including thorough review after capture. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Facial 3D stereophotogrammetry is a useful tool for monitoring facial growth longitudinally in young children with facial deformities, as no radiation is involved and image capture is easy and fast. It can be performed reliably in children with and without UCLP aged 3-18 months by an experienced photographer utilising a meticulous image capturing protocol.
Entities:
Keywords:
Face scan; Facial growth; Imaging; Orofacial cleft; Photogrammetry; Reproducibility of results; Superimposition; Three dimensional
Authors: Robin Bruggink; Frank Baan; Sander Brons; Tom G J Loonen; Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman; Thomas J J Maal; Edwin M Ongkosuwito Journal: PeerJ Date: 2022-06-07 Impact factor: 3.061
Authors: Sander Brons; Jene W Meulstee; Rania M Nada; Mette A R Kuijpers; Ewald M Bronkhorst; Stefaan J Bergé; Thomas J J Maal; Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-05-20 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Sander Brons; Jene W Meulstee; Tom G J Loonen; Rania M Nada; Mette A R Kuijpers; Ewald M Bronkhorst; Stefaan J Bergé; Thomas J J Maal; Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman Journal: PeerJ Date: 2019-07-30 Impact factor: 2.984