Yijun Bao1, Lizhuo Li2, Yanlei Guan3, Yan Liu3, Wei Wang3, Dan Zhao3, Shanwei Tao3, Yuhui Ling3, Yan Wang4, Bo Bi4, Anhua Wu3, Liu Cao5. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjingbei Street, Heping, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. yjbao@cmu.edu.cn. 2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China. 3. Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjingbei Street, Heping, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. 4. Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjingbei Street, Heping, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. 5. Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, College of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenbei New Distinct, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China. lcao@cmu.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is common for central nervous system (CNS) tumor patients to suffer from depressive symptoms. If unrecognized or untreated, CNS tumors may lead to many serious problems in these patients. This study examines the association of social support with depressive symptoms in CNS tumor patients and explores the extent to which hope mediates this relationship. METHODS: A total of 269 CNS tumor patients in China were included in this study. We assessed depressive symptoms using the Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), social support using the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and hope using the Herth Hope Index (HHI). Questionnaires were distributed to collect these data. Hierarchical linear regression analyses explored the interrelationship between social support, hope, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: After adjustment for demographic characteristics, patients with less social support exhibited more depressive symptoms (β = - 0.452, P < 0.01). Social support explained 19.1% of the variance in depressive symptoms. After adding hope to the regression model, the effect size for social support was reduced by over half but remained significant (from β = - 0.452 to β = - 0.218, P < 0.01). In addition, a lower level of hope (β = - 0.386, P < 0.01) was associated with more depressive symptoms, and this measure explained an additional 9.3% of the variance in depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Much of the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms is explained by hope. Thus, interventions boosting both social support and hope help to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with CNS tumors.
BACKGROUND: It is common for central nervous system (CNS) tumorpatients to suffer from depressive symptoms. If unrecognized or untreated, CNS tumors may lead to many serious problems in these patients. This study examines the association of social support with depressive symptoms in CNS tumorpatients and explores the extent to which hope mediates this relationship. METHODS: A total of 269 CNS tumorpatients in China were included in this study. We assessed depressive symptoms using the Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), social support using the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and hope using the Herth Hope Index (HHI). Questionnaires were distributed to collect these data. Hierarchical linear regression analyses explored the interrelationship between social support, hope, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: After adjustment for demographic characteristics, patients with less social support exhibited more depressive symptoms (β = - 0.452, P < 0.01). Social support explained 19.1% of the variance in depressive symptoms. After adding hope to the regression model, the effect size for social support was reduced by over half but remained significant (from β = - 0.452 to β = - 0.218, P < 0.01). In addition, a lower level of hope (β = - 0.386, P < 0.01) was associated with more depressive symptoms, and this measure explained an additional 9.3% of the variance in depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Much of the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms is explained by hope. Thus, interventions boosting both social support and hope help to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with CNS tumors.
Entities:
Keywords:
Depressive symptoms; Hope; Social support; Tumor
Authors: C R Snyder; C Harris; J R Anderson; S A Holleran; L M Irving; S T Sigmon; L Yoshinobu; J Gibb; C Langelle; P Harney Journal: J Pers Soc Psychol Date: 1991-04
Authors: L F Berkman; C S Berkman; S Kasl; D H Freeman; L Leo; A M Ostfeld; J Cornoni-Huntley; J A Brody Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 1986-09 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Caterina Calderon; Pere Joan Ferrando; Urbano Lorenzo-Seva; Raquel Hernández; Marta Oporto-Alonso; Paula Jiménez-Fonseca Journal: Int J Clin Health Psychol Date: 2020-01-15