| Literature DB >> 29942406 |
Jihène Methlouthi1, Nabiha Mahdhaoui1, Manel Bellalah1, Hedia Ayache1, Sonia Nouri1, Hassen Seboui1.
Abstract
The occurrence of clinical varicella during pregnancy is rare but it may pose maternal and fetal risks. Perinatal maternal varicella may result in potentially severe neonatal varicella, especially when maternal eruptions occur between 5 days before and 2 days after delivery. We report eight cases of newborns of mothers with varicella in the peri-partum period in order to synthesize the current state of knowledge on the risk of contracting virus as well as to develop treatment protocol. We conducted a descriptive study at the Maternity and Neonatology Center, Sousse, over a period of 10 years. Eight newborns were included in the study. Prenatal diagnosis was made in 7 mothers. Only a woman developed varicella 3 days after delivery. Five newborns were symptomatic on admission. All newborns had typical varicella skin lesions, three of them had respiratory distress associated. Treatment was based on newborn isolation, local skin care and Acyclovir therapy. Patients evolution was favorable. The occurrence of varicella infection during pregnancy remains possible in the countries where vaccination is still not accessible to all. The risk of maternal and fetal complications justifies specific and well codified treatment.Entities:
Keywords: new-born; pregnancy; prevention; treatment; varicella
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2017 PMID: 29942406 PMCID: PMC6011011 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.28.233.8266
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Pan Afr Med J
Récapitulatif des huit observations (terme, délai entre varicelle maternelle et accouchement, signes cliniques, traitement et évolution)
| Terme | varicelle maternelle / accouchement | Signes cliniques+ Age | Traitement | Durée traitement | Durée hospitalisation | Evolution | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observation 1 | A terme | J-1 | Asymptomatique | Aciclovir (IV) | 07 jours | 08 jours | Favorable |
| Observation 2 | A terme | J-5 | Atteinte cutanée J 5 de vie | Aciclovir (IV) | 07 jours | 10 jours | Favorable |
| Observation 3 | A terme | J-4 | Atteinte cutanée J 11 de vie | Aciclovir (IV) | 07 jours | 10 jours | Favorable |
| Observation 4 | A terme | J-3 | -Atteinte cutanée à J 10 de vie + Pneumopathie | oxygénothérapie Aciclovir (IV) | 07 jours | 10 jours | Favorable |
| Observation 5 | 33 SA | J+2 | Asymptomatique | Aciclovir (IV) | 07 jours | 28 jours | Favorable |
| Observation 6 | A terme | J-3 | Atteinte cutanée + DRNN à J6 de vie | Aciclovir (IV) | 07 jours | 09 jours | favorable |
| Observation 7 | 36 SA | J-2 | Atteinte cutanée + DRNN à J7 de vie | Aciclovir (IV) | 07 jours | 12 jours | Favorable |
Figure 1Photographie de l’observation n°2 mettant en évidence une éruption cutanée vésiculeuse évocatrice d’une varicella
Figure 2Radiographie du thorax de face de l’observation n°4 montrant une pneumopathie bilatérale (apicale droite et basale gauche)
Principaux signes cliniques de la varicelle congénitale dans la littérature
| Symptômes | Nombre d’enfants ( | |
|---|---|---|
|
| % | |
| Lésions cutanées (cicatrices ou aplasie) | 89 | 72 |
| Atteinte neurologique (atrophie cérébrale, microcéphalie, paralysie des cordes vocales, paralysies périphériques, convulsions…) | 77 | 62 |
| Atteinte oculaire (microphtalmie, enophtalmie, choriorétinite, cataracte, nystagmus, atrophie optique…) | 65 | 52 |
| Atteinte squelettique et hypoplasie osseuse | 55 | 44 |
| Retard de croissance intra-utérin | 28 | 23 |
| Anomalies digestives | 25 | 20 |
| Hypoplasie musculaire | 24 | 19 |
| Anomalies génito-urinaires | 15 | 12 |
| Atteinte des organes internes | 14 | 11 |
| Retard du développement | 13 | 10 |
| Anomalies du système cardio-vasculaire | 9 | 7 |
| AUTRES | 9 | 7 |
Figure 3Diagramme résumant la conduite à tenir devant une varicelle maternelle survenant avant 20 SA
Figure 4Diagramme résumant la conduite à tenir devant une varicelle maternelle survenant entre J5 antépartum et J2 postpartum
Figure 5Diagramme résumant la conduite à tenir devant un contage néonatal durant les 28 premiers jours de vie