Hua-Kung Wang1, Mong-Hong Lee2, Yee-Chun Chen3, Po-Ren Hsueh4, Shan-Chwen Chang3. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan. 2. Department of Statistics, National Taipei University, Taiwan. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. 4. Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: hsporen@ntu.edu.tw.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/ PURPOSE: The clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory factors associated with disease severity and mortality from confirmed leptospirosis patients in Taiwan are not well known. This retrospective study examined patients with suspected leptospirosis admitted to En-Chu-Kong Hospital, a regional teaching hospital in northern Taiwan. METHODS: From January 2002 to July 2014, 733 suspected cases were reported to the National Reference Laboratory, 57 of which were identified as laboratory and clinical confirmed. We analyzed the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory factors associated with disease severity and mortality in 57 cases. RESULTS: The mean age was 59.1 ± 18.2 years, 74% were male, and 49% had occupational contact with soil. The major complications were pulmonary involvement (54%), shock (44%), ventilator support (32%), jaundice (32%), hemorrhage (30%), acute kidney injury (30%), meningitis (11%) and myocarditis (2%). Leptospira santarosai serova Shermani was present in 42 (74%) patients and 37 (58%) patients had severe leptospirosis. Sixteen (28%) patients had concomitant infections, including nine patients with bloodstream infection. The only independent predictor for severe leptospirosis was shock (OR 14.8, 95% CI 2.97-73.59). Eleven patients died (19%). Acute respiratory distress syndrome with severe pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome (6 patients) was present in 55% of the fatal cases. The factors independently related to mortality were prior steroid use (OR 20.2, 95% CI 1.9-217.5) and hemorrhage (OR 71.2, 95% CI 4.9 - >999.9). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that shock is a predictor of severe leptospirosis, and prior steroid use and hemorrhage are predictors of death from leptospirosis.
BACKGROUND/ PURPOSE: The clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory factors associated with disease severity and mortality from confirmed leptospirosispatients in Taiwan are not well known. This retrospective study examined patients with suspected leptospirosis admitted to En-Chu-Kong Hospital, a regional teaching hospital in northern Taiwan. METHODS: From January 2002 to July 2014, 733 suspected cases were reported to the National Reference Laboratory, 57 of which were identified as laboratory and clinical confirmed. We analyzed the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory factors associated with disease severity and mortality in 57 cases. RESULTS: The mean age was 59.1 ± 18.2 years, 74% were male, and 49% had occupational contact with soil. The major complications were pulmonary involvement (54%), shock (44%), ventilator support (32%), jaundice (32%), hemorrhage (30%), acute kidney injury (30%), meningitis (11%) and myocarditis (2%). Leptospira santarosai serova Shermani was present in 42 (74%) patients and 37 (58%) patients had severe leptospirosis. Sixteen (28%) patients had concomitant infections, including nine patients with bloodstream infection. The only independent predictor for severe leptospirosis was shock (OR 14.8, 95% CI 2.97-73.59). Eleven patients died (19%). Acute respiratory distress syndrome with severe pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome (6 patients) was present in 55% of the fatal cases. The factors independently related to mortality were prior steroid use (OR 20.2, 95% CI 1.9-217.5) and hemorrhage (OR 71.2, 95% CI 4.9 - >999.9). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that shock is a predictor of severe leptospirosis, and prior steroid use and hemorrhage are predictors of death from leptospirosis.
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