Information transmission by isolated frog muscle spindle.

Transmission of sensory information was calculated for the isolated frog muscle spindle receptor, using Shannon's information measure. Sinusoidal movements, random noise stretches, and sinusoids with superimposed auxiliary noise were applied as stimuli. In addition, the static prestretch level of the intrafusal muscle bundle was adjusted between resting length (L0) and L0 + 600 micron, so that the analysis of the information transmission properties covered the entire dynamic range of the sensory receptor organ. Sinusoidal stretches below 2 Hz evoked smoothly modulated cycle histograms, which were approximately linearly related to the stimulating sinewave. The transinformation rates under these conditions were generally low (5-17 bit X s-1), regardless of the amplitude of the applied movement. Increasing prestretch enhanced the modulation depth of the cycle histograms considerably, but increased the transinformation rates by less than 10 bit X s-1. By contrast, sinusoids above 2 Hz evoked clearly nonlinear cycle histograms, because each action potential was firmly phase-locked to a small segment of the stretch cycle. Under these conditions the transinformation rates grew larger with increasing stimulus frequency and approached 130 bit X s-1 at 60 Hz. Small amplitude sinusoidal stretches, however, evoked considerable transinformation rates in the high frequency region only then, when the spindle receptor was extended to higher prestretch levels. Random stretches evoked transinformation rates between 5 and 30 bit X s-1 depending on both the prestretch level and the intensity of the noise stimulus. The linear response components carried only about 25% of the transinformation rates transmitted by both the linear and nonlinear response components. Auxiliary noise stimuli greatly improved the information transmission of sinusoidal stretches. For example, a pure sinusoid evoked 5 bit X s-1. Adding a noise signal with equal energy to the sinusoidal movement elicited 20 bit X s-1. This facilitation effect of auxiliary noise was restricted to low frequency sinusoidal stimuli. The present results are discussed with respect to the information transmission properties of various sensory systems evaluated by either the same or different information processing procedure as that used in the present study. The functional significance of high transinformation rates sent by the muscle spindle to the central nervous system is discussed with respect to motor control.