Manuel Gorostidi1, Mercedes Sánchez-Martínez2, Luis M Ruilope3, Auxiliadora Graciani4, Juan J de la Cruz4, Rafael Santamaría5, María D Del Pino6, Pilar Guallar-Castillón4, Fernando de Álvaro7, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo4, José R Banegas8. 1. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid / IdiPAZ-CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, España; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Red de Investigación Renal (RedinRen), Oviedo, España; Sociedad Española de Nefrología, España. Electronic address: manuel.gorostidi@gmail.com. 2. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid / IdiPAZ-CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, España; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Santa Teresa de Jesús de Ávila, Ávila, España. 3. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid / IdiPAZ-CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, España; Sociedad Española de Nefrología, España; Instituto de Investigación, Unidad de Hipertensión, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, School of Doctoral Studies and Research, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, España. 4. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid / IdiPAZ-CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, España. 5. Sociedad Española de Nefrología, España; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, RedinRen, Córdoba, España. 6. Sociedad Española de Nefrología, España; Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Torrecárdenas, Almería, España. 7. Sociedad Española de Nefrología, España; Unidad de Nefrología, Hospitales HM, Madrid, España. 8. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid / IdiPAZ-CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, España. Electronic address: joseramon.banegas@uam.es.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem worldwide. We aimed to estimate the CKD prevalence in Spain and to examine the impact of the accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a nationwide, population-based survey evaluating 11,505 individuals representative of the Spanish adult population. Information was collected through standardised questionnaires, physical examination, and analysis of blood and urine samples in a central laboratory. CKD was graded according to current KDIGO definitions. The relationship between CKD and 10CVRF was assessed (age, hypertension, general obesity, abdominal obesity, smoking, high LDL-cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, hypertriglyceridaemia, diabetes and sedentary lifestyle). RESULTS: Prevalence of CKD was 15.1% (95%CI: 14.3-16.0%). CKD was more common in men (23.1% vs 7.3% in women), increased with age (4.8% in 18-44 age group, 17.4% in 45-64 age group, and 37.3% in ≥65), and was more common in those with than those without cardiovascular disease (39.8% vs 14.6%); all P<.001. CKD affected 4.5% of subjects with 0-1CVRF, and then progressively increased from 10.4% to 52.3% in subjects with 2 to 8-10CVRF (P trend <.001). CONCLUSIONS: CKD affects one in seven adults in Spain. The prevalence is higher than previously reported and similar to that in the United States. CKD was particularly prevalent in men, older people and people with cardiovascular disease. Prevalence of CKD increased considerably with the accumulation of CVRF, suggesting that CKD could be considered as a cardiovascular condition.
BACKGROUND:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem worldwide. We aimed to estimate the CKD prevalence in Spain and to examine the impact of the accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a nationwide, population-based survey evaluating 11,505 individuals representative of the Spanish adult population. Information was collected through standardised questionnaires, physical examination, and analysis of blood and urine samples in a central laboratory. CKD was graded according to current KDIGO definitions. The relationship between CKD and 10CVRF was assessed (age, hypertension, general obesity, abdominal obesity, smoking, high LDL-cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, hypertriglyceridaemia, diabetes and sedentary lifestyle). RESULTS: Prevalence of CKD was 15.1% (95%CI: 14.3-16.0%). CKD was more common in men (23.1% vs 7.3% in women), increased with age (4.8% in 18-44 age group, 17.4% in 45-64 age group, and 37.3% in ≥65), and was more common in those with than those without cardiovascular disease (39.8% vs 14.6%); all P<.001. CKD affected 4.5% of subjects with 0-1CVRF, and then progressively increased from 10.4% to 52.3% in subjects with 2 to 8-10CVRF (P trend <.001). CONCLUSIONS: CKD affects one in seven adults in Spain. The prevalence is higher than previously reported and similar to that in the United States. CKD was particularly prevalent in men, older people and people with cardiovascular disease. Prevalence of CKD increased considerably with the accumulation of CVRF, suggesting that CKD could be considered as a cardiovascular condition.
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Authors: Ana Bayán-Bravo; Jose Ramón Banegas; Carolina Donat-Vargas; Helena Sandoval-Insausti; Manuel Gorostidi; Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo; Pilar Guallar-Castillón Journal: Nutrients Date: 2022-01-19 Impact factor: 5.717