Tao Yang1, Guoqing Zhao2, Ruizhi Mao1, Jia Huang1, Xianrong Xu3, Yousong Su1, Na Zhu4, Rubai Zhou1, Xiao Lin1, Weiping Xia5, Fan Wang1, Rui Liu1, Xing Wang1, Zhijia Huang1, Yong Wang1, Yingyan Hu1, Lan Cao1, Chengmei Yuan1, Zuowei Wang6, Raymond W Lam7, Jun Chen8, Yiru Fang9. 1. Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030, PR China. 2. Department of Psychology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, PR China. 3. Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, PR China. 4. Shanghai Pudong New District Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200124, PR China. 5. Department of Medical Psychology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China. 6. Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Hongkou District Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200080, PR China. 7. Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 8. Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030, PR China.; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 200030, PR China.; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China.. Electronic address: doctorcj2010@gmail.com. 9. Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030, PR China.; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 200030, PR China.; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China.. Electronic address: yirufang@aliyun.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to investigate the differences in executive function and the relationship with clinical factors between drug-naïve patients with bipolar depression (BDD) and unipolar depression (UPD). METHODS: Drug-naïve patients with BDD, UPD and healthy controls (HC) were recruited (30 cases in each group). All patients were assessed with Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 (HAM-D), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Executive function was evaluated by Stroop color-word test (CWT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). RESULTS: In the BDD group, only the CWT number of missing was higher than HCs (P = 0.047). In the UDP group, CWT number of correct was lower, CWT number of missing was higher, and the WCST indices were worse than the HC group (P < 0.05). The WCST percentage of errors (PE) and percentage of conceptual level responses (PCLR) in the UPD group were worse than the BDD group (P < 0.05). In the BDD group, no correlations between CWT and WCST indices and clinical features were detected after correcting for multiple comparisons (P > 0.05). In the UDP group, the WCST PE, PCLR, number of categories completed (CC), and the percentage of perseverative responses (PPR) were correlated to the number of mood episodes (P < 0.01). LIMITATION: This was a small-sample cross-sectional study. The possibility of UPD transforming to bipolar disorder (BD) in future could not be ruled out. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested only small differences in executive function between drug-naïve patients with BDD and UPD, but in this sample only the UPD group showed differences with HCs. The executive function of drug-naïve BDD patients may be associated with duration of current depressive episode, while for UDP patients executive function indices were significantly correlated with number of mood episodes.
BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to investigate the differences in executive function and the relationship with clinical factors between drug-naïve patients with bipolar depression (BDD) and unipolar depression (UPD). METHODS: Drug-naïve patients with BDD, UPD and healthy controls (HC) were recruited (30 cases in each group). All patients were assessed with Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 (HAM-D), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Executive function was evaluated by Stroop color-word test (CWT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). RESULTS: In the BDD group, only the CWT number of missing was higher than HCs (P = 0.047). In the UDP group, CWT number of correct was lower, CWT number of missing was higher, and the WCST indices were worse than the HC group (P < 0.05). The WCST percentage of errors (PE) and percentage of conceptual level responses (PCLR) in the UPD group were worse than the BDD group (P < 0.05). In the BDD group, no correlations between CWT and WCST indices and clinical features were detected after correcting for multiple comparisons (P > 0.05). In the UDP group, the WCST PE, PCLR, number of categories completed (CC), and the percentage of perseverative responses (PPR) were correlated to the number of mood episodes (P < 0.01). LIMITATION: This was a small-sample cross-sectional study. The possibility of UPD transforming to bipolar disorder (BD) in future could not be ruled out. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested only small differences in executive function between drug-naïve patients with BDD and UPD, but in this sample only the UPD group showed differences with HCs. The executive function of drug-naïve BDDpatients may be associated with duration of current depressive episode, while for UDPpatients executive function indices were significantly correlated with number of mood episodes.