Shuntaro Ando1, Atsushi Nishida2, Satoshi Usami3, Shinsuke Koike4, Syudo Yamasaki2, Sho Kanata5, Shinya Fujikawa6, Toshiaki A Furukawa7, Masato Fukuda8, Susan M Sawyer9, Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa10, Kiyoto Kasai6. 1. Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan. Electronic address: sandou-tky@umin.ac.jp. 2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan. 3. Division for Admissions Follow-up Assessment, Graduate School of education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan. 4. University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity and Adaptation of Human Mind, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan. 5. Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Hospital, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan. 6. Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. 7. Department of Health Promotion and Human Behaviour, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. 8. Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School, 3-39-22 Showa-cho, Maebashi-shi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan. 9. Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 10. Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Seeking help from others is an essential behavioural intention for humans to adapt to the social environment. Transgenerational and gender-related mechanisms of how this intention is shaped is an important but unresolved question in adolescent development. This study aimed to comprehensively examine the factors promoting or inhibiting intention to seek help for depression in 10-year-olds, including transgenerational factors, and to investigate the sex differences in the effect of these factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a community of 4478 10-year-old children and their parents using self-report questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. The dependent variable was intention of seeking help for depression, which was assessed using a depression case vignette. Independent variables were demographic, psychological, and transgenerational/social factors including depressive symptoms, psychotic-like symptoms, tendency to help classmates, and parents' help-seeking intention. RESULTS: Girls were more likely to seek help than boys. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors promoting help-seeking intention included the recognition of a need for help, emotional openness, tendency to help classmates, parents' positive intention of seeking help for depression, and the number of people to consult. The inhibiting factors included depressive symptoms, psychotic-like symptoms, and gender norms regarding problem solving. Gender norms inhibited intention of seeking help for depression more strongly in boys than in girls. CONCLUSIONS: Parents' and children's help-seeking intention were correlated to each other. Actions should be considered against gender norms presuming that boys should solve their own problems. Further, these actions should target adults as much as adolescents.
BACKGROUND: Seeking help from others is an essential behavioural intention for humans to adapt to the social environment. Transgenerational and gender-related mechanisms of how this intention is shaped is an important but unresolved question in adolescent development. This study aimed to comprehensively examine the factors promoting or inhibiting intention to seek help for depression in 10-year-olds, including transgenerational factors, and to investigate the sex differences in the effect of these factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a community of 4478 10-year-old children and their parents using self-report questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. The dependent variable was intention of seeking help for depression, which was assessed using a depression case vignette. Independent variables were demographic, psychological, and transgenerational/social factors including depressive symptoms, psychotic-like symptoms, tendency to help classmates, and parents' help-seeking intention. RESULTS:Girls were more likely to seek help than boys. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors promoting help-seeking intention included the recognition of a need for help, emotional openness, tendency to help classmates, parents' positive intention of seeking help for depression, and the number of people to consult. The inhibiting factors included depressive symptoms, psychotic-like symptoms, and gender norms regarding problem solving. Gender norms inhibited intention of seeking help for depression more strongly in boys than in girls. CONCLUSIONS: Parents' and children's help-seeking intention were correlated to each other. Actions should be considered against gender norms presuming that boys should solve their own problems. Further, these actions should target adults as much as adolescents.
Authors: Mandy Gijzen; Sanne Rasing; Rian van den Boogaart; Wendy Rongen; Twan van der Steen; Daan Creemers; Rutger Engels; Filip Smit Journal: PLoS One Date: 2021-11-30 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: A Geirhos; M Domhardt; F Lunkenheimer; S Temming; R W Holl; K Minden; P Warschburger; T Meissner; A S Mueller-Stierlin; H Baumeister Journal: BMC Pediatr Date: 2022-01-29 Impact factor: 2.125