Maria C Picasso1, Jessica A Lo-Tayraco2, Juselly M Ramos-Villanueva3, Vinay Pasupuleti4, Adrian V Hernandez5. 1. School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru. Electronic address: mariaclaudiapicasso@gmail.com. 2. School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru. Electronic address: jlotayraco@gmail.com. 3. School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru. Electronic address: jurv1114@gmail.com. 4. ProEd Communications Inc., Cleveland, OH 44122, USA. Electronic address: lepiscean@gmail.com. 5. School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru; University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital Evidence-based Practice Center, Hartford, CT 06102, USA. Electronic address: adrianhernandezdiaz@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Several studies have examined the effect of vegetarian diets (VD) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) or its components, but findings have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies to assess the association between VD and MetS or its components (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], fasting glucose triglycerides, waist circumference [WC], HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C)) in adults. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched. RCTs, cohort studies and cross-sectional studies evaluating the effects of VD on MetS or its components in adults, with omnivore diet as control group, were included. Random effects meta-analyses stratified by study design were employed to calculate pooled estimates. RESULTS: A total of 71 studies (n = 103 008) met the inclusion criteria (6 RCTs, 2 cohorts, 63 cross-sectional). VD were not associated with MetS in comparison to omnivorous diet (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.50-1.85, p = 0.9) according to meta-analysis of five cross-sectional studies. Likewise, meta-analysis of RCTs and cohort studies indicated that consumption of VD were not associated with MetS components. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies demonstrated that VD were significantly associated with lower levels of SBP (mean difference [MD] -4.18 mmHg, 95%CI -5.57 to -2.80, p < 0.00001), DBP (MD -3.03 mmHg, 95% CI -4.93 to -1.13, p = 0.002), fasting glucose (MD -0.26 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.35to -0.17, p < 0.00001), WC (MD -1.63 cm, 95% CI -3.13 to -0.13, p = 0.03), and HDL-C (MD -0.05 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.07 to -0.03, p < 0.0001) in comparison to omnivorous diet. Heterogeneity of effects among cross-sectional studies was high. About, one-half of the included studies had high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: VD in comparison with omnivorous diet is not associated with a lower risk of MetS based on results of meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. The association between VD and lower levels of SBP, DBP, HDL-C, and fasting glucose is uncertain due to high heterogeneity across the cross-sectional studies. Larger and controlled studies are needed to evaluate the association between VD and MetS and its components.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Several studies have examined the effect of vegetarian diets (VD) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) or its components, but findings have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies to assess the association between VD and MetS or its components (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], fasting glucosetriglycerides, waist circumference [WC], HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C)) in adults. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched. RCTs, cohort studies and cross-sectional studies evaluating the effects of VD on MetS or its components in adults, with omnivore diet as control group, were included. Random effects meta-analyses stratified by study design were employed to calculate pooled estimates. RESULTS: A total of 71 studies (n = 103 008) met the inclusion criteria (6 RCTs, 2 cohorts, 63 cross-sectional). VD were not associated with MetS in comparison to omnivorous diet (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.50-1.85, p = 0.9) according to meta-analysis of five cross-sectional studies. Likewise, meta-analysis of RCTs and cohort studies indicated that consumption of VD were not associated with MetS components. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies demonstrated that VD were significantly associated with lower levels of SBP (mean difference [MD] -4.18 mmHg, 95%CI -5.57 to -2.80, p < 0.00001), DBP (MD -3.03 mmHg, 95% CI -4.93 to -1.13, p = 0.002), fasting glucose (MD -0.26 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.35to -0.17, p < 0.00001), WC (MD -1.63 cm, 95% CI -3.13 to -0.13, p = 0.03), and HDL-C (MD -0.05 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.07 to -0.03, p < 0.0001) in comparison to omnivorous diet. Heterogeneity of effects among cross-sectional studies was high. About, one-half of the included studies had high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: VD in comparison with omnivorous diet is not associated with a lower risk of MetS based on results of meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. The association between VD and lower levels of SBP, DBP, HDL-C, and fasting glucose is uncertain due to high heterogeneity across the cross-sectional studies. Larger and controlled studies are needed to evaluate the association between VD and MetS and its components.
Authors: Dena Zeraatkar; Alana Kohut; Arrti Bhasin; Rita E Morassut; Isabella Churchill; Arnav Gupta; Daeria Lawson; Anna Miroshnychenko; Emily Sirotich; Komal Aryal; Maria Azab; Joseph Beyene; Russell J de Souza Journal: BMJ Nutr Prev Health Date: 2021-12-07
Authors: Rachita Pandya; Rashed Abdelaal; Joe W Chen; Shabana Masood; Zohray Talib; Hani Atamna; Mohsin Yakub; Sherif S Hassan Journal: Front Public Health Date: 2022-08-16
Authors: Helen M Lindqvist; Millie Rådjursöga; Terese Torstensson; Linda Jansson; Lars Ellegård; Anna Winkvist Journal: J Nutr Date: 2021-01-04 Impact factor: 4.798