Giacomo Emmi1, Maria Letizia Urban2, Massimo Imazio3, Marco Gattorno4, Silvia Maestroni5, Giuseppe Lopalco6, Luca Cantarini7, Domenico Prisco8, Antonio Brucato5. 1. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy. giacomaci@yahoo.it. 2. Nephrology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy. 3. University Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza of Torino, Turin, Italy. 4. Clinic of Pediatrics and Rheumatology, Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genoa, Italy. 5. Internal Medicine, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. 6. Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Rheumatology Unit, Bari, Italy. 7. Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases, Behçet's Disease Clinic and Rheumatology-Ophthalmology Collaborative Uveitis Center, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. 8. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to summarize the role of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) blocking agents in cardiovascular diseases, briefly describing the pathogenetic rationale and the most relevant clinical studies. RECENT FINDINGS: IL-1 is a pivotal cytokine of the innate immune system. Anti-IL-1 agents are currently used for the treatment of several autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions. Recently, the role of IL-1 has also emerged in cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, two recent randomized controlled trials have shown that the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra is effective for the treatment of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis and the IL-1β blocking agent canakinumab is effective in reducing myocardial infarction in people at risk. Interestingly, interfering with IL-1 has proved to be also effective in other cardiovascular manifestations, such as myocarditis, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Blocking the IL-1 pathway is a possible new therapeutic strategy, potentially leading to innovative therapies in many acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to summarize the role of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) blocking agents in cardiovascular diseases, briefly describing the pathogenetic rationale and the most relevant clinical studies. RECENT FINDINGS:IL-1 is a pivotal cytokine of the innate immune system. Anti-IL-1 agents are currently used for the treatment of several autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions. Recently, the role of IL-1 has also emerged in cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, two recent randomized controlled trials have shown that the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra is effective for the treatment of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis and the IL-1β blocking agent canakinumab is effective in reducing myocardial infarction in people at risk. Interestingly, interfering with IL-1 has proved to be also effective in other cardiovascular manifestations, such as myocarditis, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Blocking the IL-1 pathway is a possible new therapeutic strategy, potentially leading to innovative therapies in many acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases.
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