Identifying bioindicators across trait-taxon space for assessing water quality in marine environments.

The response units of protozoan communities, based on a community-weighted mean (CWM) dataset across trait-taxon space, were investigated in order to determine their utility as bioindicators of marine water quality. From a total of 17 functional categories of seven biological traits, three functional response units (FRUs) were identified at correlation levels of >0.75. FRUs 1 and 3 generally dominated the communities in more polluted areas during warm seasons, while FRU2 appeared to prefer less polluted waters and dominated the communities in spring and winter. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the CWM values of FRUs 1 and 3 were significantly positively correlated to the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), whereas those of FRU2 were negatively correlated to COD. Across taxon-function space, 16 species were identified as potential bioindicators of water quality. These results suggest that redundancy analysis across trait-taxon space is a useful tool for identifying indicators of environmental quality.