Eline Meijer1,2, Winifred A Gebhardt1, Colette van Laar3, Bas van den Putte4, Andrea W M Evers1. 1. a Health, Medical and Neuropsychology , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands. 2. b Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands. 3. c Social and Cultural Psychology , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium. 4. d Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Smoking-related self-identity processes are important for smoking cessation. We examined whether quitter self-identity (i.e. identification with quitting smoking) could be strengthened through a writing exercise, and whether expected social support for quitting, manipulated through vignettes, could facilitate identification with quitting. DESIGN:Participants (N = 339 daily smokers) were randomly assigned to a 2 (identity: strengthened quitter self-identity vs. control) × 3 (social support: present vs. absent vs. neutral control) between-participants design. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome was post-test quitter self-identity. RESULTS: Post-test quitter self-identity was not strengthened successfully. Only a small and marginally significant intervention effect was found on quitter self-identity, which did not generalise to positively influence quit-intention or behaviour. The social support manipulation did not facilitate quitter self-identity. Secondary content analyses showed that quitter self-identity was strengthened among participants who linked quitting smoking to their lifestyle, wanted to become quitters for health reasons, and whose reasons for becoming quitters included approach of positive aspects of quitting, but not among participants who linked quitter self-identity to their self-perceptions. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide insight into the content of smokers' self-conceptualizations as quitters. Writing exercises should be improved and tested to eventually successfully strengthen quitter identities.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVES: Smoking-related self-identity processes are important for smoking cessation. We examined whether quitter self-identity (i.e. identification with quitting smoking) could be strengthened through a writing exercise, and whether expected social support for quitting, manipulated through vignettes, could facilitate identification with quitting. DESIGN:Participants (N = 339 daily smokers) were randomly assigned to a 2 (identity: strengthened quitter self-identity vs. control) × 3 (social support: present vs. absent vs. neutral control) between-participants design. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome was post-test quitter self-identity. RESULTS: Post-test quitter self-identity was not strengthened successfully. Only a small and marginally significant intervention effect was found on quitter self-identity, which did not generalise to positively influence quit-intention or behaviour. The social support manipulation did not facilitate quitter self-identity. Secondary content analyses showed that quitter self-identity was strengthened among participants who linked quitting smoking to their lifestyle, wanted to become quitters for health reasons, and whose reasons for becoming quitters included approach of positive aspects of quitting, but not among participants who linked quitter self-identity to their self-perceptions. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide insight into the content of smokers' self-conceptualizations as quitters. Writing exercises should be improved and tested to eventually successfully strengthen quitter identities.
Entities:
Keywords:
future selves; identity; smoking; social support; vignettes; writing exercise