Ganapathi Sanjay1, Panniyammakal Jeemon2, Anubha Agarwal3, Sunitha Viswanathan4, Madhu Sreedharan5, Govindan Vijayaraghavan6, Charantharayil Gopalan Bahuleyan7, R Biju8, Tiny Nair9, N Prathapkumar10, G Krishnakumar11, N Rajalekshmi12, Krishnan Suresh13, Lawrence P Park3, Mark D Huffman14, Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan2. 1. Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. Electronic address: drsanjayganesh@gmail.com. 2. Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. 3. Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. 4. Government Medical College Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. 5. NIMS Hospital, Kerala, India. 6. KIMS Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. 7. Ananthapuri Hospitals, Kerala, India. 8. Cosmopolitan Hospitals, Kerala, India. 9. PRS Hospital, Kerala, India. 10. Meditrina Hospital, Kerala, India. 11. Govindan's Hospital, Kerala, India. 12. SUT Hospital, Kerala, India. 13. SK Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. 14. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Long-term data on outcomes of participants hospitalized with heart failure (HF) from low- and middle-income countries are limited. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the Trivandrum Heart Failure Registry (THFR) in 2013, 1205 participants from 18 hospitals in Trivandrum, India, were enrolled. Data were collected on demographics, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes. We performed survival analyses, compared groups and evaluated the association between heart failure (HF) type and mortality, adjusting for covariates that predicted mortality in a global HF risk score. The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 61.2 (13.7) years. Ischemic heart disease was the most common cause (72%). The in-hospital mortality rate was higher for participants with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; 9.7%) compared with those with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; 4.8%; P = .003). After 3 years, 540 (44.8%) participants had died. The all-cause mortality rate was lower for participants with HFpEF (40.8%) compared with HFrEF (46.2%; P = .049). In multivariable models, older age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.24 per decade, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-1.33), New York Heart Association functional class IV symptoms (HR 2.80, 95% CI 1.43-5.48), and higher serum creatinine (HR 1.12 per mg/dL, 95% CI 1.04-1.22) were associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Participants with HF in the THFR have high 3-year all-cause mortality. Targeted hospital-based quality improvement initiatives are needed to improve survival during and after hospitalization for HF.
BACKGROUND: Long-term data on outcomes of participants hospitalized with heart failure (HF) from low- and middle-income countries are limited. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the Trivandrum Heart Failure Registry (THFR) in 2013, 1205 participants from 18 hospitals in Trivandrum, India, were enrolled. Data were collected on demographics, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes. We performed survival analyses, compared groups and evaluated the association between heart failure (HF) type and mortality, adjusting for covariates that predicted mortality in a global HF risk score. The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 61.2 (13.7) years. Ischemic heart disease was the most common cause (72%). The in-hospital mortality rate was higher for participants with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; 9.7%) compared with those with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; 4.8%; P = .003). After 3 years, 540 (44.8%) participants had died. The all-cause mortality rate was lower for participants with HFpEF (40.8%) compared with HFrEF (46.2%; P = .049). In multivariable models, older age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.24 per decade, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-1.33), New York Heart Association functional class IV symptoms (HR 2.80, 95% CI 1.43-5.48), and higher serum creatinine (HR 1.12 per mg/dL, 95% CI 1.04-1.22) were associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS:Participants with HF in the THFR have high 3-year all-cause mortality. Targeted hospital-based quality improvement initiatives are needed to improve survival during and after hospitalization for HF.
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