Elisa González-Domínguez1, Giorgia Fedele1, Tito Caffi1, Laurent Delière2, Pierre Sauris2, David Gramaje3, José Luis Ramos-Saez de Ojer4, Emilia Díaz-Losada5, Ana M Díez-Navajas6, Paul Bengoa6, Vittorio Rossi1. 1. Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy. 2. SAVE, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon, France. 3. Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de La Rioja - Gobierno de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain. 4. Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería y Medio Ambiente, Logroño, Spain. 5. Estación de Viticultura e Enoloxía de Galicia - INGACAL, Leiro, Spain. 6. NEIKER-Tecnalia, Centro de Arkaute-ko Zentroa, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Control of Botrytis bunch rot (BBR) is currently based on the application of fungicides at four timings corresponding to specific growth stages of vines: end of flowering (A), pre-bunch closure (B), veraison (C) and before harvest (D). The current research provides a network meta-analysis of 116 studies conducted between 1963 and 2016 in nine countries, in which 14 strategies (based on combinations of 1, 2, 3, or 4 sprays applied in A, B, C, and/or D) were compared. RESULTS: When a one-spray strategy was applied, BBR control was more effective with sprays applied in A, C, or D than B. With a two-spray strategy, strategy AC provided similar control as strategy BC; strategy CD also provided good control. For a 3-spray strategy, the best disease control was consistently obtained with strategy ACD. Four-spray strategy ABCD provided the best control but often involved needless sprays so that the routine application of four sprays is not justified. CONCLUSIONS: Spraying at timing A seems to be very important for achieving efficient and flexible disease control. Flexibility is reduced by spraying at timing B rather than A.
BACKGROUND: Control of Botrytis bunch rot (BBR) is currently based on the application of fungicides at four timings corresponding to specific growth stages of vines: end of flowering (A), pre-bunch closure (B), veraison (C) and before harvest (D). The current research provides a network meta-analysis of 116 studies conducted between 1963 and 2016 in nine countries, in which 14 strategies (based on combinations of 1, 2, 3, or 4 sprays applied in A, B, C, and/or D) were compared. RESULTS: When a one-spray strategy was applied, BBR control was more effective with sprays applied in A, C, or D than B. With a two-spray strategy, strategy AC provided similar control as strategy BC; strategy CD also provided good control. For a 3-spray strategy, the best disease control was consistently obtained with strategy ACD. Four-spray strategy ABCD provided the best control but often involved needless sprays so that the routine application of four sprays is not justified. CONCLUSIONS: Spraying at timing A seems to be very important for achieving efficient and flexible disease control. Flexibility is reduced by spraying at timing B rather than A.