Pathophysiology of chronic pain in cerebral palsy: implications for pharmacological treatment and research.

The high prevalence of chronic pain in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) across the lifespan has been well documented, as has its negative impact on quality of life. However, without an understanding of the underlying (possibly unique) pathophysiology of pain in CP, identification of more effective management options, such as innovative and individualized pharmacological approaches to non-opioid pain treatment, will be significantly hindered. We review, briefly, what is known about chronic pain in CP and present what we need to know with respect to the neurobiology of pain and new developments in pain treatment research that might be applied to CP. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Pain conditions in cerebral palsy have differing mechanisms and will not respond to the same treatments. Novel analgesics under development include inhibitors of ion channels, nerve growth factor, and calcitonin gene-related peptide.