Vasileios Korakakis1, Rodney Whiteley2, Konstantinos Epameinontidis2. 1. Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar; Hellenic Orthopaedic Manipulative Therapy Diploma (HOMTD), Athens, Greece. Electronic address: Vasileios.Korakakis@aspetar.com. 2. Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if a single blood flow restriction (BFR)-exercise bout would induce hypoalgaesia in patients with anterior knee pain (AKP) and allow painless application of therapeutic exercise. DESIGN: Cross-sectional repeated measures design. SETTING: Institutional out-patients physiotherapy clinic. PATIENTS: Convenience sample of 30 AKP patients. INTERVENTION: BFR was applied at 80% of complete vascular occlusion. Four sets of low-load open kinetic chain knee extensions were implemented using a pain monitoring model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Pain (0-10) was assessed immediately after BFR application and after a physiotherapy session (45 min) during shallow and deep single-leg squat (SSLS, DSLS), and step-down test (SDT). To estimate the patient rating of clinical effectiveness, previously described thresholds for pain change (≥40%) were used, with appropriate adjustments for baseline pain levels. RESULTS: Significant effects were found with greater pain relief immediate after BFR in SSLS (d = 0.61, p < 0.001), DSLS (d = 0.61, p < 0.001), and SDT (d = 0.60, p < 0.001). Time analysis revealed that pain reduction was sustained after the physiotherapy session for all tests (d(SSLS) = 0.60, d(DSLS) = 0.60, d(SDT) = 0.58, all p < 0.001). The reduction in pain effect size was found to be clinically significant in both post-BFR assessments. CONCLUSION: A single BFR-exercise bout immediately reduced AKP with the effect sustained for at least 45 min.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if a single blood flow restriction (BFR)-exercise bout would induce hypoalgaesia in patients with anterior knee pain (AKP) and allow painless application of therapeutic exercise. DESIGN: Cross-sectional repeated measures design. SETTING: Institutional out-patients physiotherapy clinic. PATIENTS: Convenience sample of 30 AKP patients. INTERVENTION: BFR was applied at 80% of complete vascular occlusion. Four sets of low-load open kinetic chain knee extensions were implemented using a pain monitoring model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Pain (0-10) was assessed immediately after BFR application and after a physiotherapy session (45 min) during shallow and deep single-leg squat (SSLS, DSLS), and step-down test (SDT). To estimate the patient rating of clinical effectiveness, previously described thresholds for pain change (≥40%) were used, with appropriate adjustments for baseline pain levels. RESULTS: Significant effects were found with greater pain relief immediate after BFR in SSLS (d = 0.61, p < 0.001), DSLS (d = 0.61, p < 0.001), and SDT (d = 0.60, p < 0.001). Time analysis revealed that pain reduction was sustained after the physiotherapy session for all tests (d(SSLS) = 0.60, d(DSLS) = 0.60, d(SDT) = 0.58, all p < 0.001). The reduction in pain effect size was found to be clinically significant in both post-BFR assessments. CONCLUSION: A single BFR-exercise bout immediately reduced AKP with the effect sustained for at least 45 min.
Authors: Daniel S Lorenz; Lane Bailey; Kevin E Wilk; Robert E Mangine; Paul Head; Terry L Grindstaff; Scot Morrison Journal: J Athl Train Date: 2021-09-01 Impact factor: 3.824
Authors: Baris B Koc; Alexander Truyens; Marion J L F Heymans; Edwin J P Jansen; Martijn G M Schotanus Journal: Int J Sports Phys Ther Date: 2022-04-01