Uma H Athale1, Maneka Puligandla2, Kristen E Stevenson2, Barbara Asselin3, Luis A Clavell4, Peter D Cole5, Kara M Kelly6, Caroline Laverdiere7, Jean-Marie Leclerc7, Bruno Michon8, Marshall A Schorin9, Maria Luisa Sulis10, Jennifer J G Welch11, Marian H Harris12, Donna S Neuberg2, Stephen E Sallan13, Lewis B Silverman13. 1. Division of Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 2. Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center and School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA. 4. Department of Pediatrics, San Jorge Children's Hospital, San Juan, Puerto Rico. 5. Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. 6. Department of Pediatric Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, NY, USA. 7. Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles Bruneau Cancer Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada. 8. Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada. 9. Pediatrics, Inova Fairfax Hospital for Children, Falls Church, VA, USA. 10. Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA. 11. Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Hasbro Children's Hospital/Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. 12. Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 13. Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are reported to have increased relapse rates and therapy-related mortality (TRM). Treatment regimens for DS-ALL patients often include therapy modifications. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL Consortium protocols have used same risk-stratified treatment for patients with and without DS. PROCEDURES: We compared clinical and outcome data of DS (n = 38) and non-DS (n = 1,248) patients enrolled on two consecutive DFCI ALL trials 00-001 (2000-2004) and 05-001 (2005-2011) with similar risk adapted therapy regardless of DS status. RESULTS: There was no difference in demographic or presenting clinical features between two groups except absence of T-cell phenotype and lower frequency of hyperdiploidy in DS-ALL group. All DS-ALL patients achieved complete remission; four relapsed and one subsequently died. There was no TRM in DS-ALL patients. DS-ALL patients had significantly higher rates of mucositis (52% vs. 12%, p < 0.001), non-CNS thrombosis (18% vs. 8%; p = 0.036), and seizure (16% vs. 5%, p = 0.010). Compared to non-DS-ALL patients, DS-ALL patients had a higher incidence of infections during all therapy phases. The 5-year event-free and overall survival rates of DS-ALL patients were similar to non-DS-ALL patients (91% [95% confidence interval (CI), 81-100] vs. 84% [95% CI, 82-86]; 97% [95% CI, 92-100] vs. 91% [95% CI, 90-93]). CONCLUSION: The low rates of relapse and TRM indicate that uniform risk-stratified therapy for DS-ALL and non-DS-ALL patients on DFCI ALL Consortium protocols was safe and effective, although the increased rate of toxicity in the DS-ALL patients highlights the importance of supportive care during therapy.
BACKGROUND:Children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are reported to have increased relapse rates and therapy-related mortality (TRM). Treatment regimens for DS-ALL patients often include therapy modifications. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL Consortium protocols have used same risk-stratified treatment for patients with and without DS. PROCEDURES: We compared clinical and outcome data of DS (n = 38) and non-DS (n = 1,248) patients enrolled on two consecutive DFCI ALL trials 00-001 (2000-2004) and 05-001 (2005-2011) with similar risk adapted therapy regardless of DS status. RESULTS: There was no difference in demographic or presenting clinical features between two groups except absence of T-cell phenotype and lower frequency of hyperdiploidy in DS-ALL group. All DS-ALL patients achieved complete remission; four relapsed and one subsequently died. There was no TRM in DS-ALL patients. DS-ALL patients had significantly higher rates of mucositis (52% vs. 12%, p < 0.001), non-CNS thrombosis (18% vs. 8%; p = 0.036), and seizure (16% vs. 5%, p = 0.010). Compared to non-DS-ALL patients, DS-ALL patients had a higher incidence of infections during all therapy phases. The 5-year event-free and overall survival rates of DS-ALL patients were similar to non-DS-ALL patients (91% [95% confidence interval (CI), 81-100] vs. 84% [95% CI, 82-86]; 97% [95% CI, 92-100] vs. 91% [95% CI, 90-93]). CONCLUSION: The low rates of relapse and TRM indicate that uniform risk-stratified therapy for DS-ALL and non-DS-ALL patients on DFCI ALL Consortium protocols was safe and effective, although the increased rate of toxicity in the DS-ALL patients highlights the importance of supportive care during therapy.
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