Courtney C Choy1, Avery A Thompson2, Christina Soti-Ulberg3, Take Naseri3, Muagututia S Reupena4, Rachel L Duckham5,6, Nicola L Hawley2. 1. a Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA. 2. b Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology , Yale School of Public Health , New Haven , CT , USA. 3. c Ministry of Health , Apia , Samoa. 4. d Samoa Bureau of Statistics , Apia , Samoa. 5. e Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University , Burwood , VIC , Australia. 6. f Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital , St. Albans , VIC , Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Young children are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition as nutrition transition progresses. The aim of this study was to examine the adequacy of macro- and micronutrient intake among 2-4.99-year-old Samoan children. METHODS: Child dietary intake was measured using a 117-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with a 30-day reference period. Daily total energy and nutrient intake was calculated by multiplying the frequency of daily consumption by the nutrient content of a fixed, standard portion size. Adequacy of macro- and micronutrient intake was determined using age-specific US Dietary Guidelines. RESULTS: Most children met or exceeded recommendations for carbohydrate, fat and protein intake. More than half of the sample were not meeting the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for calcium (59.0%), 44.6% were not meeting RDA for potassium and intake of vitamin A and E was inadequate among 25.9% and 25.6%, respectively. Eighty per cent of children exceeded the tolerable upper limit for sodium. Adequacy of intake varied by age and census region of residence. CONCLUSION: Since inadequate dietary micronutrient intake was more common among older children (4-4.99 years) and those in the rural region, intervention should be targeted at those groups.
BACKGROUND: Young children are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition as nutrition transition progresses. The aim of this study was to examine the adequacy of macro- and micronutrient intake among 2-4.99-year-old Samoan children. METHODS:Child dietary intake was measured using a 117-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with a 30-day reference period. Daily total energy and nutrient intake was calculated by multiplying the frequency of daily consumption by the nutrient content of a fixed, standard portion size. Adequacy of macro- and micronutrient intake was determined using age-specific US Dietary Guidelines. RESULTS: Most children met or exceeded recommendations for carbohydrate, fat and protein intake. More than half of the sample were not meeting the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for calcium (59.0%), 44.6% were not meeting RDA for potassium and intake of vitamin A and E was inadequate among 25.9% and 25.6%, respectively. Eighty per cent of children exceeded the tolerable upper limit for sodium. Adequacy of intake varied by age and census region of residence. CONCLUSION: Since inadequate dietary micronutrient intake was more common among older children (4-4.99 years) and those in the rural region, intervention should be targeted at those groups.
Authors: Courtney C Choy; Dongqing Wang; Take Naseri; Christina Soti-Ulberg; Muagututia S Reupena; Rachel L Duckham; Ana Baylin; Nicola L Hawley Journal: Child Obes Date: 2020-09-09 Impact factor: 2.992
Authors: Veeraya K Tanawattanacharoen; Courtney C Choy; Trevor J Anesi; Take Naseri; Christina Soti-Ulberg; Muagututia S Reupena; Nicola L Hawley Journal: Matern Child Nutr Date: 2020-02-14 Impact factor: 3.092