Genome-Wide Association Studies.

Genetic association studies have made a major contribution to our understanding of the genetics of complex disorders over the last 10 years through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In this chapter, we review the key concepts that underlie the GWAS approach. We will describe the "common disease, common variant" theory, and will review how we finally afforded to capture the common variance in genome to make GWAS possible. Finally, we will go over technical aspects of GWAS such as genotype imputation, epidemiologic designs, analysis methods, and considerations such as genomic inflation, multiple testing, and replication.