Ying He1, Tomasz Kosciolek2, Jinsong Tang3, Yao Zhou3, Zongchang Li3, Xiaoqian Ma3, Qiyun Zhu2, Ning Yuan3, Liu Yuan3, Chunwang Li4, Ke Jin4, Rob Knight2, Ming T Tsuang5, Xiaogang Chen6. 1. Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. 2. Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA. 3. Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China. 4. Department of Radiology, Hunan Childen's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China. 5. Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 6. Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China. Electronic address: Chenxiaogang@csu.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The microbiota-gut-brain axis and membrane dysfunction in the brain has attracted increasing attention in the field of psychiatric research. However, the possible interactive role of gut microbiota and brain function in the prodromal stage of schizophrenia has not been studied yet. METHODS: To explore this, we collected fecal samples and performed Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) scans in 81 high risk (HR) subjects, 19 ultra-high risk (UHR) subjects and 69 health controls (HC). Then we analyzed the differences in gut microbiota and choline concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). RESULTS: Presences of the orders Clostridiales, Lactobacillales and Bacteroidales were observed at increase levels in fecal samples of UHR subjects compared to the other two groups. The composition changes of gut microbiota indicate the increased production of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), which could activate microglia and then disrupt membrane metabolism. Furthermore, this was confirmed by an increase of choline levels, a brain imaging marker of membrane dysfunction, which is also significantly elevated in UHR subjects compared to the HR and HC groups. CONCLUSION: Both gut microbiome and imaging studies of UHR subjects suggest the membrane dysfunction in the brain and hence might support the membrane hypothesis of schizophrenia.
BACKGROUND: The microbiota-gut-brain axis and membrane dysfunction in the brain has attracted increasing attention in the field of psychiatric research. However, the possible interactive role of gut microbiota and brain function in the prodromal stage of schizophrenia has not been studied yet. METHODS: To explore this, we collected fecal samples and performed Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) scans in 81 high risk (HR) subjects, 19 ultra-high risk (UHR) subjects and 69 health controls (HC). Then we analyzed the differences in gut microbiota and choline concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). RESULTS: Presences of the orders Clostridiales, Lactobacillales and Bacteroidales were observed at increase levels in fecal samples of UHR subjects compared to the other two groups. The composition changes of gut microbiota indicate the increased production of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), which could activate microglia and then disrupt membrane metabolism. Furthermore, this was confirmed by an increase of choline levels, a brain imaging marker of membrane dysfunction, which is also significantly elevated in UHR subjects compared to the HR and HC groups. CONCLUSION: Both gut microbiome and imaging studies of UHR subjects suggest the membrane dysfunction in the brain and hence might support the membrane hypothesis of schizophrenia.
Authors: Tanya T Nguyen; Tomasz Kosciolek; Yadira Maldonado; Rebecca E Daly; Averria Sirkin Martin; Daniel McDonald; Rob Knight; Dilip V Jeste Journal: Schizophr Res Date: 2018-09-26 Impact factor: 4.939