Kyra Hamilton1,2, Jacob J Keech1, Amy E Peden3,4, Martin S Hagger1,2,5. 1. School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia. 2. School of Psychology and Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia. 3. Royal Life Saving Society-Australia, Sydney, Australia. 4. College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia. 5. Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Abstract
ISSUES: Drowning is a global public health issue, and there is a strong association between alcohol and risk of drowning. No previous systematic review known to date has identified factors associated with alcohol use and engagement in aquatic activities resulting in injury or drowning (fatal and non-fatal). APPROACH: Literature published from inception until 31 January 2017 was reviewed. Included articles were divided into three categories: (i) prevalence and/or risk factors for alcohol-related fatal and non-fatal drowning and aquatic injury, (ii) understanding alcohol use and aquatic activities, and (iii) prevention strategies. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Level of Evidence and risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scales. KEY FINDINGS: In total, 74 studies were included (57 on prevalence and/or risk factors, 15 on understanding alcohol use, and two on prevention strategies). Prevalence rates for alcohol involvement in fatal and non-fatal drowning varied greatly. Males, boating, not wearing lifejackets, and swimming alone (at night, and at locations without lifeguards) were risk factors for alcohol-related drowning. No specific age groups were consistently identified as being at risk. Study quality was consistently low, and risk of bias was consistently high across studies. Only two studies evaluated prevention strategies. IMPLICATIONS: There is a need for higher quality studies and behavioural basic and applied research to better understand and change this risky behaviour. CONCLUSION: On average, 49.46% and 34.87% of fatal and non-fatal drownings, respectively, involved alcohol, with large variations among studies observed.
ISSUES: Drowning is a global public health issue, and there is a strong association between alcohol and risk of drowning. No previous systematic review known to date has identified factors associated with alcohol use and engagement in aquatic activities resulting in injury or drowning (fatal and non-fatal). APPROACH: Literature published from inception until 31 January 2017 was reviewed. Included articles were divided into three categories: (i) prevalence and/or risk factors for alcohol-related fatal and non-fatal drowning and aquatic injury, (ii) understanding alcohol use and aquatic activities, and (iii) prevention strategies. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Level of Evidence and risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scales. KEY FINDINGS: In total, 74 studies were included (57 on prevalence and/or risk factors, 15 on understanding alcohol use, and two on prevention strategies). Prevalence rates for alcohol involvement in fatal and non-fatal drowning varied greatly. Males, boating, not wearing lifejackets, and swimming alone (at night, and at locations without lifeguards) were risk factors for alcohol-related drowning. No specific age groups were consistently identified as being at risk. Study quality was consistently low, and risk of bias was consistently high across studies. Only two studies evaluated prevention strategies. IMPLICATIONS: There is a need for higher quality studies and behavioural basic and applied research to better understand and change this risky behaviour. CONCLUSION: On average, 49.46% and 34.87% of fatal and non-fatal drownings, respectively, involved alcohol, with large variations among studies observed.
Authors: Deena El-Gabri; Nicole Toomey; Nelly Moraes Gil; Aline Chotte de Oliveira; Paulo Rafael Sanches Calvo; Yolande Pokam Tchuisseu; Sarah Williams; Luciano Andrade; Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci; Catherine Staton Journal: Front Public Health Date: 2020-03-25
Authors: Richard Charles Franklin; Amy E Peden; Erin B Hamilton; Catherine Bisignano; Chris D Castle; Zachary V Dingels; Simon I Hay; Zichen Liu; Ali H Mokdad; Nicholas L S Roberts; Dillon O Sylte; Theo Vos; Gdiom Gebreheat Abady; Akine Eshete Abosetugn; Rushdia Ahmed; Fares Alahdab; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Carl Abelardo T Antonio; Jalal Arabloo; Aseb Arba Kinfe Arba; Ashish D Badiye; Shankar M Bakkannavar; Maciej Banach; Palash Chandra Banik; Amrit Banstola; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo; Akbar Barzegar; Mohsen Bayati; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Soumyadeep Bhaumik; Zulfiqar A Bhutta; Ali Bijani; Archith Boloor; Félix Carvalho; Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury; Dinh-Toi Chu; Samantha M Colquhoun; Henok Dagne; Baye Dagnew; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Ahmad Daryani; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani; Hoa Thi Do; Tim Robert Driscoll; Arielle Wilder Eagan; Ziad El-Khatib; Eduarda Fernandes; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Berhe Gebremichael; Gaurav Gupta; Juanita A Haagsma; Shoaib Hassan; Delia Hendrie; Chi Linh Hoang; Michael K Hole; Ramesh Holla; Sorin Hostiuc; Mowafa Househ; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; M Mofizul Islam; Rebecca Q Ivers; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Farahnaz Joukar; Rohollah Kalhor; Tanuj Kanchan; Neeti Kapoor; Amir Kasaeian; Maseer Khan; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Jagdish Khubchandani; Kewal Krishan; G Anil Kumar; Paolo Lauriola; Alan D Lopez; Mohammed Madadin; Marek Majdan; Venkatesh Maled; Navid Manafi; Ali Manafi; Martin McKee; Hagazi Gebre Meles; Ritesh G Menezes; Tuomo J Meretoja; Ted R Miller; Prasanna Mithra; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Reza Mohammadpourhodki; Farnam Mohebi; Mariam Molokhia; Ghulam Mustafa; Ionut Negoi; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Andrew T Olagunju; Tinuke O Olagunju; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Keyvan Pakshir; Ashish Pathak; Suzanne Polinder; Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi; Navid Rabiee; Amir Radfar; Saleem Muhammad Rana; Jennifer Rickard; Saeed Safari; Payman Salamati; Abdallah M Samy; Abdur Razzaque Sarker; David C Schwebel; Subramanian Senthilkumaran; Faramarz Shaahmadi; Masood Ali Shaikh; Jae Il Shin; Pankaj Kumar Singh; Amin Soheili; Mark A Stokes; Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria; Ingan Ukur Tarigan; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Berhe Etsay Tesfay; Pascual R Valdez; Yousef Veisani; Pengpeng Ye; Naohiro Yonemoto; Chuanhua Yu; Hasan Yusefzadeh; Sojib Bin Zaman; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Spencer L James Journal: Inj Prev Date: 2020-02-20 Impact factor: 2.399