BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in blood lipid levels are causally linked with cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis. Data is limited regarding lipid abnormalities in Ireland. AIMS: As part of a cholesterol awareness campaign, we performed a pilot study of current lipid levels to preliminarily assess the extent and pattern of lipid abnormalities in Ireland. METHODS: Non-fasting, full lipid profiles and glucose measurements were performed in 259 people (32 on lipid-lowering medication and 225 untreated) using a validated Cholestech LDX machine. Untreated participants included 95 men and 130 women, aged 51 ± 16 years. RESULTS: The mean ± SD, total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and median(IQR) non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels in untreated individuals were 5.0 ± 1.1, 2.8 ± 1.0, 1.5 ± 0.5 and 3.4 (2.8-4.3), 1.6 (1.0-2.3) mmol/l respectively. Glucose was 5.3 (4.8-5.8) mmol/l. Glucose > 7.8 mmol/l occurred in 10 individuals (4%). Using defined criteria for non-fasting lipid levels, 60% of participants had some form of lipid abnormality with a frequency of 47% having a total cholesterol > 5, 35% with LDL > 3.0, 26% with HDL < 1.0/1.2, 33% with triglycerides > 2.0 and 32% with non-HDL cholesterol > 3.9 mmol/l. Three individuals had untreated LDL > 5 mmol/l (i.e. a ratio of 1:75 of those tested) and eight people had HDLc < 0.7 (1:28) and four had triglyceride above 7.3 mmol/l (1:56). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study reveals significant lipid abnormalities which require further larger more detailed lipid studies to assess the true burden of lipid abnormalities in Ireland. Cascade screening and genetic testing of relatives of those with severe lipid abnormalities should be considered.
BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in blood lipid levels are causally linked with cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis. Data is limited regarding lipid abnormalities in Ireland. AIMS: As part of a cholesterol awareness campaign, we performed a pilot study of current lipid levels to preliminarily assess the extent and pattern of lipid abnormalities in Ireland. METHODS: Non-fasting, full lipid profiles and glucose measurements were performed in 259 people (32 on lipid-lowering medication and 225 untreated) using a validated Cholestech LDX machine. Untreated participants included 95 men and 130 women, aged 51 ± 16 years. RESULTS: The mean ± SD, total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and median(IQR) non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels in untreated individuals were 5.0 ± 1.1, 2.8 ± 1.0, 1.5 ± 0.5 and 3.4 (2.8-4.3), 1.6 (1.0-2.3) mmol/l respectively. Glucose was 5.3 (4.8-5.8) mmol/l. Glucose > 7.8 mmol/l occurred in 10 individuals (4%). Using defined criteria for non-fasting lipid levels, 60% of participants had some form of lipid abnormality with a frequency of 47% having a total cholesterol > 5, 35% with LDL > 3.0, 26% with HDL < 1.0/1.2, 33% with triglycerides > 2.0 and 32% with non-HDL cholesterol > 3.9 mmol/l. Three individuals had untreated LDL > 5 mmol/l (i.e. a ratio of 1:75 of those tested) and eight people had HDLc < 0.7 (1:28) and four had triglyceride above 7.3 mmol/l (1:56). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study reveals significant lipid abnormalities which require further larger more detailed lipid studies to assess the true burden of lipid abnormalities in Ireland. Cascade screening and genetic testing of relatives of those with severe lipid abnormalities should be considered.
Authors: Allan D Sniderman; Ken Williams; John H Contois; Howard M Monroe; Matthew J McQueen; Jacqueline de Graaf; Curt D Furberg Journal: Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes Date: 2011-04-12
Authors: Amit V Khera; Marina Cuchel; Margarita de la Llera-Moya; Amrith Rodrigues; Megan F Burke; Kashif Jafri; Benjamin C French; Julie A Phillips; Megan L Mucksavage; Robert L Wilensky; Emile R Mohler; George H Rothblat; Daniel J Rader Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2011-01-13 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Farshad Farzadfar; Mariel M Finucane; Goodarz Danaei; Pamela M Pelizzari; Melanie J Cowan; Christopher J Paciorek; Gitanjali M Singh; John K Lin; Gretchen A Stevens; Leanne M Riley; Majid Ezzati Journal: Lancet Date: 2011-02-03 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Matthew J McQueen; Steven Hawken; Xingyu Wang; Stephanie Ounpuu; Allan Sniderman; Jeffrey Probstfield; Krisela Steyn; John E Sanderson; Mohammad Hasani; Emilia Volkova; Khawar Kazmi; Salim Yusuf Journal: Lancet Date: 2008-07-19 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: M John Chapman; Henry N Ginsberg; Pierre Amarenco; Felicita Andreotti; Jan Borén; Alberico L Catapano; Olivier S Descamps; Edward Fisher; Petri T Kovanen; Jan Albert Kuivenhoven; Philippe Lesnik; Luis Masana; Børge G Nordestgaard; Kausik K Ray; Zeljko Reiner; Marja-Riitta Taskinen; Lale Tokgözoglu; Anne Tybjærg-Hansen; Gerald F Watts Journal: Eur Heart J Date: 2011-04-29 Impact factor: 29.983
Authors: Benjamin F Voight; Gina M Peloso; Marju Orho-Melander; Ruth Frikke-Schmidt; Maja Barbalic; Majken K Jensen; George Hindy; Hilma Hólm; Eric L Ding; Toby Johnson; Heribert Schunkert; Nilesh J Samani; Robert Clarke; Jemma C Hopewell; John F Thompson; Mingyao Li; Gudmar Thorleifsson; Christopher Newton-Cheh; Kiran Musunuru; James P Pirruccello; Danish Saleheen; Li Chen; Alexandre F R Stewart; Arne Schillert; Unnur Thorsteinsdottir; Gudmundur Thorgeirsson; Sonia Anand; James C Engert; Thomas Morgan; John Spertus; Monika Stoll; Klaus Berger; Nicola Martinelli; Domenico Girelli; Pascal P McKeown; Christopher C Patterson; Stephen E Epstein; Joseph Devaney; Mary-Susan Burnett; Vincent Mooser; Samuli Ripatti; Ida Surakka; Markku S Nieminen; Juha Sinisalo; Marja-Liisa Lokki; Markus Perola; Aki Havulinna; Ulf de Faire; Bruna Gigante; Erik Ingelsson; Tanja Zeller; Philipp Wild; Paul I W de Bakker; Olaf H Klungel; Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee; Bas J M Peters; Anthonius de Boer; Diederick E Grobbee; Pieter W Kamphuisen; Vera H M Deneer; Clara C Elbers; N Charlotte Onland-Moret; Marten H Hofker; Cisca Wijmenga; W M Monique Verschuren; Jolanda M A Boer; Yvonne T van der Schouw; Asif Rasheed; Philippe Frossard; Serkalem Demissie; Cristen Willer; Ron Do; Jose M Ordovas; Gonçalo R Abecasis; Michael Boehnke; Karen L Mohlke; Mark J Daly; Candace Guiducci; Noël P Burtt; Aarti Surti; Elena Gonzalez; Shaun Purcell; Stacey Gabriel; Jaume Marrugat; John Peden; Jeanette Erdmann; Patrick Diemert; Christina Willenborg; Inke R König; Marcus Fischer; Christian Hengstenberg; Andreas Ziegler; Ian Buysschaert; Diether Lambrechts; Frans Van de Werf; Keith A Fox; Nour Eddine El Mokhtari; Diana Rubin; Jürgen Schrezenmeir; Stefan Schreiber; Arne Schäfer; John Danesh; Stefan Blankenberg; Robert Roberts; Ruth McPherson; Hugh Watkins; Alistair S Hall; Kim Overvad; Eric Rimm; Eric Boerwinkle; Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen; L Adrienne Cupples; Muredach P Reilly; Olle Melander; Pier M Mannucci; Diego Ardissino; David Siscovick; Roberto Elosua; Kari Stefansson; Christopher J O'Donnell; Veikko Salomaa; Daniel J Rader; Leena Peltonen; Stephen M Schwartz; David Altshuler; Sekar Kathiresan Journal: Lancet Date: 2012-05-17 Impact factor: 79.321