Johannes Windschuh1, Moritz Zaiss2, Philipp Ehses3, Jae-Seung Lee1,4, Alexej Jerschow4, Ravinder R Regatte1. 1. New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York, New York. 2. Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Tübingen, Germany. 3. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of MR Physics, Bonn, Germany. 4. New York University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of a frequency drift of the static magnetic field on 3D CEST MRI based on glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of articular cartilage at 7 T and to introduce a retrospective correction method that uses the phase images of the gradient-echo readout. METHODS: Repeated gagCEST and B0 measurements were performed in a glucose model solution and in vivo in the knee joint of 3 healthy volunteers at 7 T. Phase images of the modified 3D rectangular spiral centric-reordered gradient-echo CEST sequence were used to quantify and compensate the apparent frequency drift in repeated gagCEST measurements. RESULTS: The frequency drift of the MRI scanner strongly influences the gagCEST signal in the articular cartilage of the human knee joint. The gagCEST signal in the articular cartilage is changed by 0.18%/Hz while an average drift of 0.7 ± 0.2 Hz/minute was observed. The proposed correction method can be applied retrospectively without the need of additional measurements and provides improved comparability and reproducibility for gagCEST studies. This correction method may also be of interest for other applications of CEST MRI. CONCLUSION: Prospective or retrospective correction of the frequency drift of the MRI scanner is essential for reproducible gagCEST measurements. The proposed retrospective correction method fulfills this requirement without the need of additional measurements.
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of a frequency drift of the static magnetic field on 3D CEST MRI based on glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of articular cartilage at 7 T and to introduce a retrospective correction method that uses the phase images of the gradient-echo readout. METHODS: Repeated gagCEST and B0 measurements were performed in a glucose model solution and in vivo in the knee joint of 3 healthy volunteers at 7 T. Phase images of the modified 3D rectangular spiral centric-reordered gradient-echo CEST sequence were used to quantify and compensate the apparent frequency drift in repeated gagCEST measurements. RESULTS: The frequency drift of the MRI scanner strongly influences the gagCEST signal in the articular cartilage of the human knee joint. The gagCEST signal in the articular cartilage is changed by 0.18%/Hz while an average drift of 0.7 ± 0.2 Hz/minute was observed. The proposed correction method can be applied retrospectively without the need of additional measurements and provides improved comparability and reproducibility for gagCEST studies. This correction method may also be of interest for other applications of CEST MRI. CONCLUSION: Prospective or retrospective correction of the frequency drift of the MRI scanner is essential for reproducible gagCEST measurements. The proposed retrospective correction method fulfills this requirement without the need of additional measurements.
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