M Møller1, J Attermann2, G Myklebust3, M Lind4, H Sørensen5, J J Hebert6, R O Nielsen5, S L Bertelsen7, N Wedderkopp8. 1. Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: memoller@health.sdu.dk. 2. Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 3. Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway. 4. Div. of Sportstraumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. 5. Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 6. School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. 7. VIA University College, Aarhus, Denmark. 8. Sport Medicine Clinic, Orthopaedic Dep. Hospital of Lillebaelt, Institute of Regional Health Service Research and Centre for Research in Childhood Health, IOB, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the intra- and interrater reliability and agreement for field-based assessment of scapular control, shoulder range of motion (ROM), and shoulder isometric strength in elite youth athletes. DESIGN: Test-retest reliability and agreement study. SETTING: Eight blinded raters (two for each assessment) assessed players on field during two testing sessions separated by one week. PARTICIPANTS: 162 elite youth handball players with or without a history of previous shoulder pain within the preceding six months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Kappa (κ) and prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) coefficients for scapular control reliability, and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) for ROM and strength agreement. RESULTS: Scapular control demonstrated substantial to almost perfect reliability (κ 0.67 to 0.84, PABAK from 0.68 to 0.88). Mean strength values ranged from 0.9 N/kg to 1.6 N/kg, and LOAs ranged from -0.7 N/kg to 0.8 N/kg. Rotational strength revealed additionally systematic bias between and within rater. No or acceptable systematic bias were evident for ROM and abduction strength measures. Mean values and LOAs for ROM ranged between 39.9° to 52.3°, and from -12.6° to 9.9°, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Scapular control and ROM can be assessed on the field with acceptable reliability. The threshold for reliable measurements of isometric strength using handheld-dynamometers is high.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the intra- and interrater reliability and agreement for field-based assessment of scapular control, shoulder range of motion (ROM), and shoulder isometric strength in elite youth athletes. DESIGN: Test-retest reliability and agreement study. SETTING: Eight blinded raters (two for each assessment) assessed players on field during two testing sessions separated by one week. PARTICIPANTS: 162 elite youth handball players with or without a history of previous shoulder pain within the preceding six months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Kappa (κ) and prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) coefficients for scapular control reliability, and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) for ROM and strength agreement. RESULTS: Scapular control demonstrated substantial to almost perfect reliability (κ 0.67 to 0.84, PABAK from 0.68 to 0.88). Mean strength values ranged from 0.9 N/kg to 1.6 N/kg, and LOAs ranged from -0.7 N/kg to 0.8 N/kg. Rotational strength revealed additionally systematic bias between and within rater. No or acceptable systematic bias were evident for ROM and abduction strength measures. Mean values and LOAs for ROM ranged between 39.9° to 52.3°, and from -12.6° to 9.9°, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Scapular control and ROM can be assessed on the field with acceptable reliability. The threshold for reliable measurements of isometric strength using handheld-dynamometers is high.
Authors: Juan Guerrero-Henriquez; Mauricio Oyarce-Mella; Jimmy Reyes Rocabado; David Olivares-Ponce; Omar Olivares-Lee; Stefano Pérez-Pasten; Martin Vargas-Matamala Journal: J Man Manip Ther Date: 2021-08-30
Authors: Fredrik Johansson; Martin Asker; Andreas Malmberg; Jaime Fernandez-Fernandez; Anna Warnqvist; Ann Cools Journal: Front Sports Act Living Date: 2022-02-17
Authors: Garrett S Bullock; Jeff Strahm; Tessa C Hulburt; Edward C Beck; Brian R Waterman; Kristen F Nicholson Journal: Orthop J Sports Med Date: 2021-03-18