Carla J Berg1, Regine Haardörfer2, Milkie Vu2, Betelihem Getachew2, Steven A Lloyd3, Angela Lanier4, Donyale Childs5, Yasmeni Sandridge2, Jennifer Bierhoff2, Jingjing Li2, Elliyah Dossantos2, Michael Windle2. 1. Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address: cjberg@emory.edu. 2. Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. 3. Department of Psychological Science, University of North Georgia, 82 College Circle, Dahlonega, GA 30597, USA. 4. Department of Kinesiology, Berry College, 2277 Martha Berry Hwy NW, Mount Berry, GA 30149, USA. 5. Department of Nursing, 504 College Drive Albany, GA 31705, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking escalates most in early to middle young adulthood. However, little research has examined a range of multilevel factors in relation to smoking trajectories during this time. METHODS: We examined: 1) trajectories of cigarette smoking among 2967 US college students (aged 18-25) in a two-year, six-wave longitudinal study (using growth mixture modeling); and 2) intrapersonal- (i.e., other substance use, depressive symptoms, ADHD symptoms,); interpersonal- (i.e., adverse childhood events, social support, parental tobacco and marijuana use), and community-level (i.e., type of college, rural vs. urban setting) predictors of differing trajectories (using multinomial logistic regression). RESULTS: We identified three trajectory classes: 1) Dabblers, who used cigarettes at one point in their life or not at all (85.6%); 2) College Onset Smokers, who began smoking regularly during the college years (6.2%); and 3) Later Onset Smokers, who began smoking during the mid- to late-20 s (8.2%). Multinomial regression (with Dabblers as the reference group) showed that predictors of being College Onset Smokers included being male (p = .031); Asian (p = .001) but not Black (p = .008; Ref: White); early onset smokers (i.e., initiation before age 15; p = .006); past 30-day users of little cigars/cigarillos (p = .024), alcohol (p < .001), and marijuana (p = .008); children of tobacco users (p = .050); and public (p = .031) or a technical college students (p < .001; Ref: private college); predictors of being Later Onset Smokers were being male (p = .019) and technical college students (p = .005). CONCLUSIONS: Despite some young adults' smoking initiating/escalating in middle young adulthood, few risk factors were documented. This understudied period warrants greater examination to inform intervention.
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking escalates most in early to middle young adulthood. However, little research has examined a range of multilevel factors in relation to smoking trajectories during this time. METHODS: We examined: 1) trajectories of cigarette smoking among 2967 US college students (aged 18-25) in a two-year, six-wave longitudinal study (using growth mixture modeling); and 2) intrapersonal- (i.e., other substance use, depressive symptoms, ADHD symptoms,); interpersonal- (i.e., adverse childhood events, social support, parental tobacco and marijuana use), and community-level (i.e., type of college, rural vs. urban setting) predictors of differing trajectories (using multinomial logistic regression). RESULTS: We identified three trajectory classes: 1) Dabblers, who used cigarettes at one point in their life or not at all (85.6%); 2) College Onset Smokers, who began smoking regularly during the college years (6.2%); and 3) Later Onset Smokers, who began smoking during the mid- to late-20 s (8.2%). Multinomial regression (with Dabblers as the reference group) showed that predictors of being College Onset Smokers included being male (p = .031); Asian (p = .001) but not Black (p = .008; Ref: White); early onset smokers (i.e., initiation before age 15; p = .006); past 30-day users of little cigars/cigarillos (p = .024), alcohol (p < .001), and marijuana (p = .008); children of tobacco users (p = .050); and public (p = .031) or a technical college students (p < .001; Ref: private college); predictors of being Later Onset Smokers were being male (p = .019) and technical college students (p = .005). CONCLUSIONS: Despite some young adults' smoking initiating/escalating in middle young adulthood, few risk factors were documented. This understudied period warrants greater examination to inform intervention.
Authors: Weihai Zhan; Lisa C Dierker; Jennifer S Rose; Arielle Selya; Robin J Mermelstein Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2012-03-15 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: S Sean Hu; Linda Neff; Israel T Agaku; Shanna Cox; Hannah R Day; Enver Holder-Hayes; Brian A King Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2016-07-15 Impact factor: 17.586
Authors: Ahmed Jamal; Israel T Agaku; Erin O'Connor; Brian A King; John B Kenemer; Linda Neff Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2014-11-28 Impact factor: 17.586