Hiroaki Kuroda1, Tatsuya Yoshida2, Takaaki Arimura3, Tetsuya Mizuno3, Noriaki Sakakura3, Yukinori Sakao3. 1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. Electronic address: h-kuroda@aichi-cc.jp. 2. Department of Thoracic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. 3. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Our previous report suggested that fluorescence thoracoscopic anatomical segmentectomy (TAS) using intravenous (IV) indocyanine green (ICG) injection is safe, feasible, and efficacious for identifying segmental boundaries. However, contrast visualization in the conventional indocyanine green mode (CIM) remains relatively obscure in smoking-related comorbidities. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of recently released Spectra-A with CIM by simultaneous observation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We postoperatively analyzed captive imaging using histogram counts in 29 patients who underwent TAS and previously reported that Δ indicates the index of visualization obtained by subtraction from its representative illuminated signal quantities of maximum pixels so that light-shade, intensity-removed image signals are obtained. RESULTS: Sixteen (55.2%) patients were male, and 13 (44.8%) were female. Segmental boundaries were successfully visualized in all patients (100%). The histogram count widths in dim and bright segments with CIM were 13.3 ± 3.8 and 52.5 ± 12.2, and those with Spectra-A were 19.4 ± 6.1 and 118.1 ± 37.4, respectively. The mean value was 4.3-fold higher for ΔSpa-A (61.4 ± 33.2) than for ΔCIM (14.2 ± 8.5) (P < 0.01). In 14 (48.3%) patients, the segmental boundary could not be clearly visualized using CIM but was explicitly identified using Spectra-A. CONCLUSIONS: Spectra-A is a safe and promising noninvasive alternative like CIM, and more effective because of overcoming the limitation of CIM, but its use should be studied further to determine its usefulness in identifying segmental boundaries.
BACKGROUND: Our previous report suggested that fluorescence thoracoscopic anatomical segmentectomy (TAS) using intravenous (IV) indocyanine green (ICG) injection is safe, feasible, and efficacious for identifying segmental boundaries. However, contrast visualization in the conventional indocyanine green mode (CIM) remains relatively obscure in smoking-related comorbidities. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of recently released Spectra-A with CIM by simultaneous observation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We postoperatively analyzed captive imaging using histogram counts in 29 patients who underwent TAS and previously reported that Δ indicates the index of visualization obtained by subtraction from its representative illuminated signal quantities of maximum pixels so that light-shade, intensity-removed image signals are obtained. RESULTS: Sixteen (55.2%) patients were male, and 13 (44.8%) were female. Segmental boundaries were successfully visualized in all patients (100%). The histogram count widths in dim and bright segments with CIM were 13.3 ± 3.8 and 52.5 ± 12.2, and those with Spectra-A were 19.4 ± 6.1 and 118.1 ± 37.4, respectively. The mean value was 4.3-fold higher for ΔSpa-A (61.4 ± 33.2) than for ΔCIM (14.2 ± 8.5) (P < 0.01). In 14 (48.3%) patients, the segmental boundary could not be clearly visualized using CIM but was explicitly identified using Spectra-A. CONCLUSIONS: Spectra-A is a safe and promising noninvasive alternative like CIM, and more effective because of overcoming the limitation of CIM, but its use should be studied further to determine its usefulness in identifying segmental boundaries.