Anni Koskinen1, Adel Bachour2, Jenni Vaarno1, Heli Koskinen1, Sari Rantanen1, Leif Bäck1, Tuomas Klockars3. 1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Kasarmikatu 11-13, PL 263, 00029, Helsinki, Finland. 2. Sleep Unit, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Kasarmikatu 11-13, PL 263, 00029, Helsinki, Finland. tuomas.klockars@hus.fi.
Abstract
PURPOSE: We sought to assess whether a dog can be trained to distinguish obstructive sleep apnea patients from healthy controls based on the olfactory detection of urine. METHODS: Urine samples were collected from 23 adult male obstructive sleep apnea patients and from 20 voluntary adult male volunteers. Three dogs were trained through reinforced operant conditioning. RESULTS: Two of the three dogs correctly detected two thirds of obstructive sleep apnea patients (p < 0.000194 and p < 0.000003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We found that dogs can be trained to distinguish obstructive sleep apnea patients from healthy controls based on the smell of urine. Potentially, dogs could be utilized to identify novel biomarkers or possibly screen for obstructive sleep apnea.
PURPOSE: We sought to assess whether a dog can be trained to distinguish obstructive sleep apneapatients from healthy controls based on the olfactory detection of urine. METHODS: Urine samples were collected from 23 adult male obstructive sleep apneapatients and from 20 voluntary adult male volunteers. Three dogs were trained through reinforced operant conditioning. RESULTS: Two of the three dogs correctly detected two thirds of obstructive sleep apneapatients (p < 0.000194 and p < 0.000003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We found that dogs can be trained to distinguish obstructive sleep apneapatients from healthy controls based on the smell of urine. Potentially, dogs could be utilized to identify novel biomarkers or possibly screen for obstructive sleep apnea.
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