Clenivaldo Alves Caixeta1, Marina Lara de Carli2, Noé Vital Ribeiro Júnior2, Felipe Fornias Sperandio3, Suely Nonogaki4, Denismar Alves Nogueira5, Alessandro Antônio Costa Pereira3, João Adolfo Costa Hanemann2. 1. Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 700, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil. clenivaldodentista@yahoo.com.br. 2. Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 700, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil. 3. Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil. 4. Institute of Pathology Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil. 5. Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a neglected tropical fungal infection with great predilection for adult men, indicating the participation of female hormone estrogen in preventing paracoccidioidomycosis development in women. Estrogen has an immunologic effect leading to polarization toward the Th2 immune response, which favors the disease evolution. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate estrogen and progesterone receptors in oral paracoccidioidomycosis lesions and to verify any association with tissue fungi counting in women and men. METHODS: Thirty-two cases of chronic oral paracoccidioidomycosis were included. Immunohistochemical analyses for anti-estrogen receptor-α, anti-progesterone receptor and anti-Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antibodies were performed. The differences between women and men and the relations among the immunomarkers for each gender were also evaluated. RESULTS: A significant positive correlation was observed between estrogen receptor-α and the amount of fungi in women. In addition, estrogen receptor-α was mildly expressed in the inflammatory cells of female patients, while progesterone receptor was expressed in both genders, with similar expression between women and men. Moreover, fungi counting revealed no differences between genders. CONCLUSIONS: Estrogen receptor-α was expressed only in women and showed a positive correlation with the amount of fungi in oral paracoccidioidomycosis, while progesterone receptor was observed in both genders and exhibited no correlation with estrogen receptor-α or fungi counting.
BACKGROUND:Paracoccidioidomycosis is a neglected tropical fungal infection with great predilection for adult men, indicating the participation of female hormone estrogen in preventing paracoccidioidomycosis development in women. Estrogen has an immunologic effect leading to polarization toward the Th2 immune response, which favors the disease evolution. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate estrogen and progesterone receptors in oral paracoccidioidomycosis lesions and to verify any association with tissue fungi counting in women and men. METHODS: Thirty-two cases of chronic oral paracoccidioidomycosis were included. Immunohistochemical analyses for anti-estrogen receptor-α, anti-progesterone receptor and anti-Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antibodies were performed. The differences between women and men and the relations among the immunomarkers for each gender were also evaluated. RESULTS: A significant positive correlation was observed between estrogen receptor-α and the amount of fungi in women. In addition, estrogen receptor-α was mildly expressed in the inflammatory cells of female patients, while progesterone receptor was expressed in both genders, with similar expression between women and men. Moreover, fungi counting revealed no differences between genders. CONCLUSIONS: Estrogen receptor-α was expressed only in women and showed a positive correlation with the amount of fungi in oral paracoccidioidomycosis, while progesterone receptor was observed in both genders and exhibited no correlation with estrogen receptor-α or fungi counting.
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