Rubén Roy1,2, Elisabet Sánchez-Rodríguez1,2, Santiago Galán1,2, Mélanie Racine3, Elena Castarlenas1,2, Mark P Jensen4, Jordi Miró1,2,5. 1. Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Catalonia, Spain. 2. Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain. 3. Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. 4. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 5. Chair in Pediatric Pain Universitat Rovira i Virgili-Fundación Grünenthal, Catalonia, Spain.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify the modifiable and nonmodifiable variables that are associated with and might moderate the presence of migraine in the general population. DESIGN: Nationally representative cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Noninstitutionalized population of Spain. SUBJECTS: Individuals aged 15 years or older (N = 22,842). METHODS: A secondary analysis of data from the second wave of the European Health Interview Survey conducted in Spain (2014/2015). We estimated the prevalence of migraine and its distribution according to the study variables, and then built a multivariate logistic model encompassing age, sex, depression severity, chronic anxiety, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol use, and perceived social support to predict migraine. RESULTS: The one-year prevalence of migraine was 8%. The final multivariate model (Wald χ2 = 693.00, df = 15, P < 0.001) retained depression severity, chronic anxiety, exercising several times a month or week, and alcohol use as predictors of migraine (odds ratios = 2.1-3.5 for positive associations, odds ratios = 0.4-0.9 for negative associations). CONCLUSIONS: Raising awareness among clinicians regarding the fact that many of the variables that potentially contribute to the presence of migraine are modifiable (e.g., psychological problems and lifestyle behaviors) might intensify resources dedicated to assessing and impacting these factors in order to potentially prevent the frequency and severity of migraine.
OBJECTIVE: To identify the modifiable and nonmodifiable variables that are associated with and might moderate the presence of migraine in the general population. DESIGN: Nationally representative cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Noninstitutionalized population of Spain. SUBJECTS: Individuals aged 15 years or older (N = 22,842). METHODS: A secondary analysis of data from the second wave of the European Health Interview Survey conducted in Spain (2014/2015). We estimated the prevalence of migraine and its distribution according to the study variables, and then built a multivariate logistic model encompassing age, sex, depression severity, chronic anxiety, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol use, and perceived social support to predict migraine. RESULTS: The one-year prevalence of migraine was 8%. The final multivariate model (Wald χ2 = 693.00, df = 15, P < 0.001) retained depression severity, chronic anxiety, exercising several times a month or week, and alcohol use as predictors of migraine (odds ratios = 2.1-3.5 for positive associations, odds ratios = 0.4-0.9 for negative associations). CONCLUSIONS: Raising awareness among clinicians regarding the fact that many of the variables that potentially contribute to the presence of migraine are modifiable (e.g., psychological problems and lifestyle behaviors) might intensify resources dedicated to assessing and impacting these factors in order to potentially prevent the frequency and severity of migraine.