Cardiomyopathy Phenotypes and Pregnancy Outcomes with Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy.

Little is known about pregnancies of left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC), much less cases in which LVNC was definitively diagnosed prepregnancy. We report the cases of three pregnant Japanese women definitively diagnosed with LVNC prepregnancy. Case 1 presented LVNC with restrictive phenotype. Her pregnancy was terminated due to exacerbated pulmonary hypertension and low output status at 30 weeks' gestation. Case 2 presented isolated LVNC with nonsustained ventricle tachycardia. A cesarean section was performed at 36 weeks' gestation because of placenta previa. Case 3 presented dilated LVNC. Labor induction was performed because of decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, leading to a vaginal delivery at 37 weeks' gestation. In all cases, no thromboembolic event was identified during pregnancy; two patients received anticoagulants. We reviewed all English-literature cases of pregnant women definitively diagnosed with LVNC prepregnancy to analyze causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes and the necessity of anticoagulation. Four of the six pregnancies identified were terminated due to exacerbated cardiomyopathy phenotypes and not complications due to noncompaction itself, resulting in three cases' preterm deliveries. No thromboembolic event was identified by maintenance of the anticoagulation strategy determined prepregnancy. In pregnancies with LVNC, the possibility of a severe cardiac event and the indications for termination of the pregnancy can depend on the cardiomyopathy phenotypes, not noncompaction itself. Anticoagulation only because of the pregnancy itself may be redundant. In the management of LVNC during pregnancy, close monitoring of the condition of different phenotypes and reassessment of the necessity of anticoagulation can contribute to the pregnancy outcome.