Susie Roczo-Farkas1, Carl D Kirkwood1,2,3, Daniel Cowley1,2, Graeme L Barnes1,2,4, Ruth F Bishop1,2, Nada Bogdanovic-Sakran1, Karen Boniface1, Celeste M Donato5, Julie E Bines1,2,3. 1. Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 2. Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 3. Enteric and Diarrheal Diseases, Global Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington. 4. Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville. 5. Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract
Background: Introduction of rotavirus vaccines into national immunization programs (NIPs) could result in strain selection due to vaccine-induced selective pressure. This study describes the distribution and diversity of rotavirus genotypes before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction into the Australian NIP. State-based vaccine selection facilitated a unique comparison of diversity in RotaTeq and Rotarix vaccine states. Methods: From 1995 to 2015, the Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program conducted genotypic analysis on 13051 rotavirus-positive samples from children <5 years of age, hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis. Rotavirus G and P genotypes were determined using serological and heminested multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Results: G1P[8] was the dominant genotype nationally in the prevaccine era (1995-2006). Following vaccine introduction (2007-2015), greater genotype diversity was observed with fluctuating genotype dominance. Genotype distribution varied based on the vaccine implemented, with G12P[8] dominant in states using RotaTeq, and equine-like G3P[8] and G2P[4] dominant in states and territories using Rotarix. Conclusions: The increased diversity and differences in genotype dominance observed in states using RotaTeq (G12P[8]), and in states and territories using Rotarix (equine-like G3P[8] and G2P[4]), suggest that these vaccines exert different immunological pressures that influence the diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in Australia.
Background: Introduction of rotavirus vaccines into national immunization programs (NIPs) could result in strain selection due to vaccine-induced selective pressure. This study describes the distribution and diversity of rotavirus genotypes before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction into the Australian NIP. State-based vaccine selection facilitated a unique comparison of diversity in RotaTeq and Rotarix vaccine states. Methods: From 1995 to 2015, the Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program conducted genotypic analysis on 13051 rotavirus-positive samples from children <5 years of age, hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis. Rotavirus G and P genotypes were determined using serological and heminested multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Results: G1P[8] was the dominant genotype nationally in the prevaccine era (1995-2006). Following vaccine introduction (2007-2015), greater genotype diversity was observed with fluctuating genotype dominance. Genotype distribution varied based on the vaccine implemented, with G12P[8] dominant in states using RotaTeq, and equine-like G3P[8] and G2P[4] dominant in states and territories using Rotarix. Conclusions: The increased diversity and differences in genotype dominance observed in states using RotaTeq (G12P[8]), and in states and territories using Rotarix (equine-like G3P[8] and G2P[4]), suggest that these vaccines exert different immunological pressures that influence the diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in Australia.
Authors: Kristen M Ogden; Yi Tan; Asmik Akopov; Laura S Stewart; Rendie McHenry; Christopher J Fonnesbeck; Bhinnata Piya; Maximilian H Carter; Nadia B Fedorova; Rebecca A Halpin; Meghan H Shilts; Kathryn M Edwards; Daniel C Payne; Mathew D Esona; Slavica Mijatovic-Rustempasic; James D Chappell; John T Patton; Natasha B Halasa; Suman R Das Journal: J Virol Date: 2018-12-10 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: Celeste M Donato; Susie Roczo-Farkas; Carl D Kirkwood; Graeme L Barnes; Julie E Bines Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2022-06-15 Impact factor: 7.759