Kelsey Rankin1, Riley Bove2. 1. Weill Institute for the Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, USA. 2. Weill Institute for the Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, USA. Riley.Bove@ucsf.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Caring for women with multiple sclerosis (MS), whose first symptoms typically begin during the childbearing years, requires a comprehensive approach to management across a range of reproductive exposures, and beyond through menopause. RECENT FINDINGS: This article summarizes what is known about the disease course in women with MS, how it differs from men, and the current state of knowledge regarding effects of reproductive exposures (menarche, childbearing, menopause) on MS-related inflammation and neurodegeneration. Recent findings regarding pregnancy-associated relapses in the treatment era, protective effects of breastfeeding, and care for women during the menopausal transition are reviewed. Then, updated recommendations to guiding women during childbearing-including pre-conception counseling, discontinuation of MS therapies, and management of postpartum relapses-are provided. Whenever possible, areas of uncertainty and avenues for future research are highlighted. From childhood through the postreproductive life stages, gender and hormonal exposures appear to shape an individual's risk for MS, as well as the experience of living with MS.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Caring for women with multiple sclerosis (MS), whose first symptoms typically begin during the childbearing years, requires a comprehensive approach to management across a range of reproductive exposures, and beyond through menopause. RECENT FINDINGS: This article summarizes what is known about the disease course in women with MS, how it differs from men, and the current state of knowledge regarding effects of reproductive exposures (menarche, childbearing, menopause) on MS-related inflammation and neurodegeneration. Recent findings regarding pregnancy-associated relapses in the treatment era, protective effects of breastfeeding, and care for women during the menopausal transition are reviewed. Then, updated recommendations to guiding women during childbearing-including pre-conception counseling, discontinuation of MS therapies, and management of postpartum relapses-are provided. Whenever possible, areas of uncertainty and avenues for future research are highlighted. From childhood through the postreproductive life stages, gender and hormonal exposures appear to shape an individual's risk for MS, as well as the experience of living with MS.
Entities:
Keywords:
Estrogens; Menopause; Pregnancy; Quality of life; Sex differences
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