Myriam Tobollik1,2, Claudia Kabel3, Odile Mekel4, Claudia Hornberg5, Dietrich Plaß6. 1. Fachgebiet Expositionsschätzung, gesundheitsbezogene Indikatoren, Umweltbundesamt, Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Deutschland. myriam.tobollik@uba.de. 2. Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Deutschland. myriam.tobollik@uba.de. 3. Fachgebiet Internationale Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien, Politik- und Wissenstransfer, Umweltbundesamt, Dessau, Deutschland. 4. Fachbereich Gesundheitsdaten und -analysen, Campusentwicklung, Landeszentrum Gesundheit Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bochum, Deutschland. 5. Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Deutschland. 6. Fachgebiet Expositionsschätzung, gesundheitsbezogene Indikatoren, Umweltbundesamt, Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Deutschland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Evidence-based political measures need reliable information about the health status of a population and the determinants affecting health. Here, environment and health indicators can provide helpful additional insights. AIM: This article provides an overview of existing indicators in the field of environment and health. MATERIALS: There are single indicators and indicator sets describing solely the environment or health as well as some indicators integrating both aspects. RESULTS: The indicator sets cover classical epidemiological indicators but also summary measures of population health, which combine mortality and morbidity as well as simple descriptions of the exposure towards environmental risks. The indicator sets mostly cover water and air quality related aspects. For some of the indicators their influence on health is also presented. Furthermore, environment related health indicators are part of sustainability indicator sets. There are indicators on the international, European, national, and municipal level. DISCUSSION: All indicator sets aim to support policy-making by advising on measures and setting priorities in the area of environment and health protection. However not all indicators reflect the effect of the environment on health adequately. Therefore, further development of the existing indicators is necessary to reflect current progress (e. g. political needs) and to include new scientific evidence in the field of environment and health. A continuous provision, review, and interpretation of meaningful indicators is required to identify trends and to react to these in order to protect the environment and health. This is necessary to adequately pursue the precautionary principle.
BACKGROUND: Evidence-based political measures need reliable information about the health status of a population and the determinants affecting health. Here, environment and health indicators can provide helpful additional insights. AIM: This article provides an overview of existing indicators in the field of environment and health. MATERIALS: There are single indicators and indicator sets describing solely the environment or health as well as some indicators integrating both aspects. RESULTS: The indicator sets cover classical epidemiological indicators but also summary measures of population health, which combine mortality and morbidity as well as simple descriptions of the exposure towards environmental risks. The indicator sets mostly cover water and air quality related aspects. For some of the indicators their influence on health is also presented. Furthermore, environment related health indicators are part of sustainability indicator sets. There are indicators on the international, European, national, and municipal level. DISCUSSION: All indicator sets aim to support policy-making by advising on measures and setting priorities in the area of environment and health protection. However not all indicators reflect the effect of the environment on health adequately. Therefore, further development of the existing indicators is necessary to reflect current progress (e. g. political needs) and to include new scientific evidence in the field of environment and health. A continuous provision, review, and interpretation of meaningful indicators is required to identify trends and to react to these in order to protect the environment and health. This is necessary to adequately pursue the precautionary principle.
Entities:
Keywords:
Environment and health; Environmental protection; Health protection; Indicator; Political measures