Bobak A Ghaheri1, Melissa Cole2, Jess C Mace3. 1. 1 Division of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR, USA. 2. 2 Luna Lactation, Portland, OR, USA. 3. 3 Division of Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lingual frenotomy improves patient-reported outcome measures, including infant reflux and maternal nipple pain, and prolongs the nursing relationship; however, many mother-infant dyads continue to experience breastfeeding difficulty despite having had a frenotomy. Research aim: The aim of this study was to determine how incomplete release of the tethered lingual frenulum may result in persistent breastfeeding difficulties. METHODS: A one-group, observational, prospective cohort study was conducted. The sample consisted of breastfeeding mother-infant (0-9 months of age) dyads ( N = 54) after the mothers self-elected completion lingual frenotomy and/or maxillary labial frenectomy following prior lingual frenotomy performed elsewhere. Participants completed surveys preoperatively, 1-week postoperatively, and 1-month postoperatively consisting of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short-Form (BSES-SF), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for nipple pain severity, and the Revised Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire (I-GERQ-R). RESULTS: Significant postoperative improvements were reported between mean preoperative scores compared with 1-week and 1-month scores of the BSES-SF, F(2) = 41.2, p < .001; the I-GERQ-R, F(2) = 22.7, p < .001; and VAS pain scale, F(2) = 46.1, p < .001. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that besides nipple pain, measures of infant reflux symptoms and maternal breastfeeding self-confidence can improve following full release of the lingual frenulum. Additionally, a patient population was identified that could benefit from increased scrutiny of infant tongue function when initial frenotomy fails to improve breastfeeding symptoms.
BACKGROUND: Lingual frenotomy improves patient-reported outcome measures, including infant reflux and maternal nipple pain, and prolongs the nursing relationship; however, many mother-infant dyads continue to experience breastfeeding difficulty despite having had a frenotomy. Research aim: The aim of this study was to determine how incomplete release of the tethered lingual frenulum may result in persistent breastfeeding difficulties. METHODS: A one-group, observational, prospective cohort study was conducted. The sample consisted of breastfeeding mother-infant (0-9 months of age) dyads ( N = 54) after the mothers self-elected completion lingual frenotomy and/or maxillary labial frenectomy following prior lingual frenotomy performed elsewhere. Participants completed surveys preoperatively, 1-week postoperatively, and 1-month postoperatively consisting of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short-Form (BSES-SF), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for nipple pain severity, and the Revised Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire (I-GERQ-R). RESULTS: Significant postoperative improvements were reported between mean preoperative scores compared with 1-week and 1-month scores of the BSES-SF, F(2) = 41.2, p < .001; the I-GERQ-R, F(2) = 22.7, p < .001; and VAS pain scale, F(2) = 46.1, p < .001. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that besides nipple pain, measures of infant reflux symptoms and maternal breastfeeding self-confidence can improve following full release of the lingual frenulum. Additionally, a patient population was identified that could benefit from increased scrutiny of infant tongue function when initial frenotomy fails to improve breastfeeding symptoms.
Entities:
Keywords:
ankyloglossia; breastfeeding; breastfeeding assessment; health services research; tongue-tie