Tuija M Mikkola1, Mikaela B von Bonsdorff2, Minna K Salonen3, Mika Simonen4, Pertti Pohjolainen5, Clive Osmond6, Mia-Maria Perälä3, Taina Rantanen7, Eero Kajantie8, Johan G Eriksson9. 1. Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: tuija.mikkola@folkhalsan.fi. 2. Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland. 3. Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 4. Centre of Excellence in Research on Intersubjectivity in Interaction, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 5. Age Institute, Helsinki, Finland. 6. MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. 7. Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland. 8. Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 9. Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study assessed how different measures of body composition predict physical performance ten years later among older adults. METHODS: The participants were 1076 men and women aged 57 to 70 years. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis) were measured at baseline and physical performance (Senior Fitness Test) ten years later. Linear regression analyses were adjusted for age, education, smoking, duration of the follow-up and physical activity. RESULTS: Greater BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, and percent body fat were associated with poorer physical performance in both sexes (standardized regression coefficient [β] from -0.32 to -0.40, p < 0.001). Lean mass to BMI ratio was positively associated with later physical performance (β = 0.31 in men, β = 0.30 in women, p < 0.001). Fat-free mass index (lean mass/height2) in both sexes and lean mass in women were negatively associated with later physical performance. Lean mass residual after accounting for the effect of height and fat mass was not associated with physical performance. CONCLUSIONS: Among older adults, higher measures of adiposity predicted poorer physical performance ten years later whereas lean mass was associated with physical performance in a counterintuitive manner. The results can be used when appraising usefulness of body composition indicators for definition of sarcopenic obesity.
BACKGROUND: This study assessed how different measures of body composition predict physical performance ten years later among older adults. METHODS: The participants were 1076 men and women aged 57 to 70 years. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis) were measured at baseline and physical performance (Senior Fitness Test) ten years later. Linear regression analyses were adjusted for age, education, smoking, duration of the follow-up and physical activity. RESULTS: Greater BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, and percent body fat were associated with poorer physical performance in both sexes (standardized regression coefficient [β] from -0.32 to -0.40, p < 0.001). Lean mass to BMI ratio was positively associated with later physical performance (β = 0.31 in men, β = 0.30 in women, p < 0.001). Fat-free mass index (lean mass/height2) in both sexes and lean mass in women were negatively associated with later physical performance. Lean mass residual after accounting for the effect of height and fat mass was not associated with physical performance. CONCLUSIONS: Among older adults, higher measures of adiposity predicted poorer physical performance ten years later whereas lean mass was associated with physical performance in a counterintuitive manner. The results can be used when appraising usefulness of body composition indicators for definition of sarcopenic obesity.
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