Carmen Vidal1, Ruth Polo, Kiara Alvarez, Irene Falgas-Bague, Ye Wang, Benjamin Lê Cook, Margarita Alegría. 1. From the Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avda, Reyes Católicos, Madrid, Spain (Vidal, Polo); Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Alvarez, Falgas-Bague, Wang, Alegría); Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge Health Alliance and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Lê Cook); and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School (Lê Cook), Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Alegría).
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Trauma and/or symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been linked to the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the exact mechanism has not been determined. We examine whether the risk of CVD is different among those who have a history of trauma without PTSD symptoms, those who have experienced trauma and developed any symptoms of PTSD, and those with a PTSD diagnosis. Furthermore, we examine whether this association varies across ethnic/racial groups. METHODS: We used two data sets that form part of the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys - the National Latino and Asian American Study and the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. RESULTS: We found an increased likelihood of cardiovascular events for those with a diagnosis of PTSD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.32-3.33) when compared with those who had not experienced trauma. We did not find an increased risk for those who had experienced trauma without symptoms or with subclinical symptoms of PTSD. The higher likelihood of having a cardiovascular event in those with PTSD was significant for non-Latino whites (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.08-3.11), Latinos (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.04-3.62), and non-Latino blacks (OR = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.76-7.91), but not for Asian respondents. CONCLUSIONS: The constellation of symptoms defining PTSD diagnosis reflect adverse reactions to traumatic events and indicate that complex responses to traumatic events may be a risk factor for CVD.
OBJECTIVE:Trauma and/or symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been linked to the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the exact mechanism has not been determined. We examine whether the risk of CVD is different among those who have a history of trauma without PTSD symptoms, those who have experienced trauma and developed any symptoms of PTSD, and those with a PTSD diagnosis. Furthermore, we examine whether this association varies across ethnic/racial groups. METHODS: We used two data sets that form part of the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys - the National Latino and Asian American Study and the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. RESULTS: We found an increased likelihood of cardiovascular events for those with a diagnosis of PTSD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.32-3.33) when compared with those who had not experienced trauma. We did not find an increased risk for those who had experienced trauma without symptoms or with subclinical symptoms of PTSD. The higher likelihood of having a cardiovascular event in those with PTSD was significant for non-Latino whites (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.08-3.11), Latinos (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.04-3.62), and non-Latino blacks (OR = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.76-7.91), but not for Asian respondents. CONCLUSIONS: The constellation of symptoms defining PTSD diagnosis reflect adverse reactions to traumatic events and indicate that complex responses to traumatic events may be a risk factor for CVD.
Authors: Maxia Dong; Wayne H Giles; Vincent J Felitti; Shanta R Dube; Janice E Williams; Daniel P Chapman; Robert F Anda Journal: Circulation Date: 2004-09-20 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Steven G Heeringa; James Wagner; Myriam Torres; Naihua Duan; Terry Adams; Patricia Berglund Journal: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Date: 2004 Impact factor: 4.035
Authors: David C Goff; Donald M Lloyd-Jones; Glen Bennett; Sean Coady; Ralph B D'Agostino; Raymond Gibbons; Philip Greenland; Daniel T Lackland; Daniel Levy; Christopher J O'Donnell; Jennifer G Robinson; J Sanford Schwartz; Susan T Shero; Sidney C Smith; Paul Sorlie; Neil J Stone; Peter W F Wilson; Harmon S Jordan; Lev Nevo; Janusz Wnek; Jeffrey L Anderson; Jonathan L Halperin; Nancy M Albert; Biykem Bozkurt; Ralph G Brindis; Lesley H Curtis; David DeMets; Judith S Hochman; Richard J Kovacs; E Magnus Ohman; Susan J Pressler; Frank W Sellke; Win-Kuang Shen; Sidney C Smith; Gordon F Tomaselli Journal: Circulation Date: 2013-11-12 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: James S Jackson; Myriam Torres; Cleopatra H Caldwell; Harold W Neighbors; Randolph M Nesse; Robert Joseph Taylor; Steven J Trierweiler; David R Williams Journal: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Date: 2004 Impact factor: 4.035
Authors: Arline T Geronimus; Jay A Pearson; Erin Linnenbringer; Amy J Schulz; Angela G Reyes; Elissa S Epel; Jue Lin; Elizabeth H Blackburn Journal: J Health Soc Behav Date: 2015-04-30
Authors: Viola Vaccarino; Jack Goldberg; Kathryn M Magruder; Christopher W Forsberg; Matthew J Friedman; Brett T Litz; Patrick J Heagerty; Grant D Huang; Theresa C Gleason; Nicholas L Smith Journal: J Psychiatr Res Date: 2014-06-09 Impact factor: 4.791
Authors: Ronald C Kessler; Patricia Berglund; Olga Demler; Robert Jin; Kathleen R Merikangas; Ellen E Walters Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 2005-06
Authors: Maria M Llabre; Neil Schneiderman; Linda C Gallo; William Arguelles; Martha L Daviglus; Franklyn Gonzalez; Carmen R Isasi; Krista M Perreira; Frank J Penedo Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2017 Feb/Mar Impact factor: 4.312
Authors: Herman Taylor; Gari Clifford; Tony Nguyen; Corey Shaw; Brittney Newton; Sherilyn Francis; Mohsen Salari; Chad Evans; Camara Jones; Tabia Henry Akintobi Journal: JMIR Form Res Date: 2022-01-11
Authors: Audrey L Jones; Susan D Cochran; Jane Rafferty; Robert Joseph Taylor; Vickie M Mays Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-09-25 Impact factor: 3.390